Time-sensitive networks (TSNs) provide reliable, deterministic message delivery, ideal for networked control systems. Such networks are increasingly implemented in dynamic, resource-constrained avionics environments. This places pressure on the TSN scheduler to compute network flow schedules faster with slower processors, less memory, and limited power consumption. Avionics full-duplex switched Ethernet and IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking are briefly compared and found to be largely similar in concept except for mechanisms enforcing determinism (BAG versus IEEE 802.1Qbv gate control) and the added requirement for time synchronization in time-sensitive networking. A new form of reliability known as polymorphic reconfiguration is introduced and contrasted with static, preconfigured redundancy. Scalability issues impacting TSN scheduling for polymorphic reconfiguration are derived. Preconfiguring and storing the TSN schedule for every possible network failure is infeasible in terms of memory storage. IEEE 802.1CB and other redundancy mechanisms exacerbate the problem by further increasing the number of flows that have to be reconfigured and scheduled. The computational complexity of TSN scheduling is reviewed and the notion of a processing-storage tradeoff via a schedule seed is introduced. The resource constrained scheduling challenge is addressed by analyzing tradeoffs in efficient scheduling approaches where qualitative performance metrics are inferred, high-level computational methods are compared, and suggestions for future approaches are outlined. This article contributes to time-sensitive networking scheduling capable of operating in a resource-constrained, dynamically changing network environment rather than in fixed avionics network environments to which they are limited today. Finally, the need for standards for TSN scheduling performance profiling and benchmarks as well as partial schedules and distributed TSN scheduling protocol standards is highlighted.

中文翻译：

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实现高效的时间敏感网络调度


时间敏感网络 (TSN) 提供可靠、确定性的消息传递，非常适合网络控制系统。此类网络越来越多地在动态、资源有限的航空电子环境中实施。这给 TSN 调度程序带来了压力，需要使用较慢的处理器、更少的内存和有限的功耗更快地计算网络流调度。对航空电子全双工交换以太网和 IEEE 802.1 时间敏感网络进行了简要比较，发现除了执行确定性的机制（BAG 与 IEEE 802.1Qbv 门控制）以及时间敏感网络中时间同步的附加要求之外，它们在概念上非常相似。引入了一种称为多态重新配置的新形式的可靠性，并将其与静态的预配置冗余进行对比。推导了影响多态重新配置的 TSN 调度的可扩展性问题。就内存存储而言，为每个可能的网络故障预先配置和存储 TSN 计划是不可行的。 IEEE 802.1CB 和其他冗余机制进一步增加了必须重新配置和调度的流数量，从而加剧了问题。回顾了 TSN 调度的计算复杂性，并引入了通过调度种子进行处理-存储权衡的概念。通过分析高效调度方法的权衡来解决资源受限的调度挑战，其中推断定性性能指标，比较高级计算方法，并概述对未来方法的建议。 本文致力于使时间敏感的网络调度能够在资源受限、动态变化的网络环境中运行，而不是在目前受限的固定航空电子网络环境中运行。最后，强调了对 TSN 调度性能分析和基准以及部分调度和分布式 TSN 调度协议标准的标准的需求。