Accordingto recent grid codes, large-scale wind turbines (WTs) are required to provide fast frequency response (FFR). The existing stepwise inertial control methods suggest immediate incremental power injection by WTs, followed by the abrupt over-production termination to avoid over-deceleration of the rotor speed. These methods have a drawback that they impose severe secondary frequency drops (SFD), or they consider an unrealistic constant wind speed during their inertial control support. This paper proposes a novel Gaussian distribution-based inertial control (GDBIC) scheme that can improve the frequency nadir without rotor speed over-deceleration. Upon detecting a power imbalance, WT increases the output power with an incremental power and declines it following Gaussian distribution trajectory controlled by a standard deviation parameter, ensuring by this convergence of the rotor speed to a stable equilibrium. The proposed scheme is also capable of responding to a second cascade event. The performance of the GDBIC is tested on the wind-integrated IEEE 9-bus system and the IEEE 39-bus system in DIgSILENT PowerFactory. It is also compared with other methods reported in literature. Furthermore, experimental tests are used to verify the performance of the proposed scheme, using two different hardware-in-the-loop testing facilities. The blade fatigue is studied using Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence (FAST) Code. The simulation and experimental results showed that the release of the kinetic energy in rotors using the proposed GDBIC scheme allows significant improvement of the frequency nadir, with no SFD, as well as contribute to reliable operation during abrupt wind changes.

中文翻译：

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基于高斯分布的风力涡轮发电机惯性控制在低惯量系统中实现快速频率响应

根据最近的电网规范，大型风力涡轮机 (WT) 需要提供快速频率响应 (FFR)。现有的逐步惯性控制方法建议通过 WT 立即增加功率注入，然后突然终止生产过剩以避免转子速度过度减速。这些方法的缺点是它们会施加严重的二次频率下降 (SFD)，或者它们在惯性控制支持期间会考虑不切实际的恒定风速。本文提出了一种新颖的基于高斯分布的惯性控制 (GDBIC) 方案，该方案可以提高频率最低点，而不会出现转子速度过减速。在检测到功率不平衡时，WT 会以增量功率增加输出功率，并按照由标准偏差参数控制的高斯分布轨迹降低输出功率，通过这种使转子速度收敛到稳定平衡的方法来确保。所提出的方案还能够响应第二级联事件。GDBIC 的性能在 DIgSILENT PowerFactory 的风能集成 IEEE 9 总线系统和 IEEE 39 总线系统上进行了测试。它还与文献中报道的其他方法进行了比较。此外，实验测试用于验证所提出方案的性能，使用两种不同的硬件在环测试工具。使用疲劳、空气动力学、结构和湍流 (FAST) 代码研究叶片疲劳。模拟和实验结果表明，使用所提出的 GDBIC 方案释放转子中的动能可以显着提高频率最低点，而没有 SFD，