In electric power and electronic systems, localized breakdown of air in the form of corona, partial discharge (PD), and electrostatic discharge (ESD) occurs frequently. These processes are known to be sources of electromagnetic fields. Corona on overhead line conductors produces electromagnetic noise over a wide frequency range leading to electromagnetic interference. The magnetic field due to PD can be employed to detect and possibly locate PD inside the apparatus. The fields due to ESD assume importance in designing suitable protection systems. Therefore, there is a need to relate the electromagnetic field produced by the discharge phenomenon to the physical ionization process, which constitutes them. The basic mechanism behind naturally initiated electrical discharges is the electron avalanche and an expression for its total electric field has been derived and validated in the literature. The next step in this direction is to obtain the magnetic field produced by it. An expression for the complete magnetic field, i.e., both near- and far-field components, is derived starting from Lienard–Wiechert potentials. The derived expression is validated with the numerical solution of Maxwell's equation. A simplified procedure to extend avalanche results for practical discharges is demonstrated. Close agreement is obtained between the estimated results and measured results reported in the literature.

中文翻译：

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电子雪崩产生的电磁场


在电力和电子系统中，经常发生电晕、局部放电（PD）和静电放电（ESD）形式的局部空气击穿。已知这些过程是电磁场的来源。架空线路导体上的电晕会在很宽的频率范围内产生电磁噪声，从而导致电磁干扰。由于局部放电产生的磁场可用于检测并可能定位设备内部的局部放电。 ESD 场在设计合适的保护系统中具有重要意义。因此，需要将放电现象产生的电磁场与构成它们的物理电离过程联系起来。自然引发的放电背后的基本机制是电子雪崩，其总电场的表达式已在文献中导出和验证。这个方向的下一步是获得它产生的磁场。完整磁场（即近场和远场分量）的表达式是从 Lienard-Wiechert 势出发推导出来的。用麦克斯韦方程的数值解验证了推导的表达式。演示了将雪崩结果扩展到实际放电的简化程序。估计结果与文献中报告的测量结果非常一致。