Group incentives can and have been used to address a range of environmental and resource problems. These schemes base individual penalties and/or rewards on the performance of a group of individuals or firms who contribute to the environmental or resource problem. The economics literature on team incentives and public goods, as well as the literature specifically on environmental and natural resource management, provides insights into the design of group incentives. This article reviews the literature on group incentives in the context of environmental protection and natural resource policy. This literature suggests that group incentives can be effective and even efficient as environmental policy tools. However, the outcomes under group incentives will likely depend on a combination of the policy design and the nature of the internal group interactions. Within-group interactions are likely to be particularly important when policies involve thresholds so that coordination is needed to reach a cooperative equilibrium.

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环境保护和自然资源管理的集团激励措施

团体激励可以而且已经被用来解决一系列环境和资源问题。这些计划根据对环境或资源问题做出贡献的一组个人或公司的表现来进行个人处罚和/或奖励。关于团队激励和公共物品的经济学文献，以及专门关于环境和自然资源管理的文献，为群体激励的设计提供了见解。本文回顾了环境保护和自然资源政策背景下群体激励的文献。该文献表明，群体激励作为环境政策工具是有效的，甚至是高效的。然而，群体激励的结果可能取决于政策设计和内部群体互动的性质的结合。当政策涉及门槛时，群体内的互动可能特别重要，因此需要协调才能达到合作平衡。