Abstract Despite increasing awareness of the ecological roles and ecosystem services that bats provide, spatiotemporal patterns in bat abundance and community assembly remain poorly understood outside of select sites in the tropics. We conducted systematic full-spectrum acoustic surveys of bats over the course of a year at eight permanent sites spanning nearly 50 km along Putah Creek, a stream in California’s Central Valley that has been subject to restoration efforts and changes to its in-stream flow regime over the past two decades. We surveyed all sites for 1 week each month. In 158 sampling nights over 11 months, we recorded 157,762 identifiable calls, thereby documenting a rich bat assemblage comprising 15 species from eight genera and two families. Seven species appeared to occur here year-round, whereas six others evidently migrated seasonally, and two were incidental visitors. Species richness and activity diversity were effectively invariant across this 50-km gradient, but assemblage composition varied both spatially and temporally. Spatial patterns suggest species-specific distributions that presumably reflect individualistic habitat preferences and responses to extrinsic factors. Species also varied temporally, with bat activity generally declining in winter, with an unexpected dip in richness and activity in late spring. For the three most commonly detected species, generalized linear models further highlighted the species-specific and individualistic nature of spatiotemporal activity patterns. When integrated with available data from other temperate sites, our results suggest that local species richness is high in temperate riparian systems. Additionally, our observations suggest that species responses to environmental variation are individualistic (e.g., “Gleasonian”) in nature and that local composition varies greatly over spatiotemporal gradients, but that emergent assemblage characteristics do not. The generality of these observations, and the underlying mechanism(s) leading to invariance in emergent characters, warrant further investigation. Similarly, the extent to which greater bat species richness provides complementary ecosystem services (hence, ecological insurance) is of both ecological and economic interest.

中文翻译：

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新河岸生态系统中河岸蝙蝠组合的时空格局

摘要 尽管人们越来越意识到蝙蝠提供的生态作用和生态系统服务，但在热带地区的特定地点之外，蝙蝠丰度和群落组装的时空模式仍然知之甚少。我们在一年的时间里对蝙蝠进行了系统的全谱声学调查，这些地点跨越了普塔溪沿岸近 50 公里的八个永久地点，普塔溪是加利福尼亚中央山谷的一条溪流，该溪流一直在进行修复工作并改变其河流流态在过去的二十年里。我们每个月对所有网站进行为期 1 周的调查。在 11 个月的 158 个采样夜中，我们记录了 157,762 个可识别的呼叫，从而记录了一个丰富的蝙蝠组合，包括来自 8 个属和 2 个科的 15 个物种。七种物种似乎全年出现在这里，而另外六人显然是季节性迁移的，其中两人是偶然的访客。在这 50 公里的梯度上，物种丰富度和活动多样性实际上是不变的，但组合组成在空间和时间上都发生了变化。空间模式表明特定物种的分布可能反映了个体栖息地偏好和对外部因素的反应。物种也随时间变化，冬季蝙蝠活动普遍下降，晚春时节的丰富度和活动量出乎意料地下降。对于三个最常检测到的物种，广义线性模型进一步突出了时空活动模式的物种特异性和个体性。当与来自其他温带站点的可用数据相结合时，我们的研究结果表明，温带河岸系统的当地物种丰富度很高。此外，我们的观察表明，物种对环境变化的反应本质上是个体主义的（例如，“格里森式”），并且局部组成在时空梯度上变化很大，但新兴的组合特征却没有。这些观察的普遍性，以及导致涌现特征不变的潜在机制，值得进一步研究。同样，蝙蝠物种丰富度的增加在多大程度上提供了互补的生态系统服务（因此，生态保险）具有生态和经济利益。“Gleasonian”）在自然界中，并且局部组成在时空梯度上变化很大，但涌现的组合特征却没有。这些观察的普遍性，以及导致涌现特征不变的潜在机制，值得进一步研究。同样，蝙蝠物种丰富度的增加在多大程度上提供了互补的生态系统服务（因此，生态保险）具有生态和经济利益。“Gleasonian”）在自然界中，并且局部组成在时空梯度上变化很大，但涌现的组合特征却没有。这些观察的普遍性，以及导致涌现特征不变的潜在机制，值得进一步研究。同样，蝙蝠物种丰富度的增加在多大程度上提供了互补的生态系统服务（因此，生态保险）具有生态和经济利益。