Anger and aggression have large impact on people’s safety and the society at large. In order to provide an intervention to minimise aggressive behaviours, it is important to understand the neural and cognitive aspects of anger and aggression. In this systematic review, we investigate the cognitive and neural aspects of anger-related processes, including anger-related behaviours and anger reduction. Using this information, we then review prior existing methods on the treatment of anger-related disorders as well as anger management, including mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy. At the cognitive level, our review that anger is associated with excessive attention to anger-related stimuli and impulsivity. At the neural level, anger is associated with abnormal functioning of the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In conclusions, based on cognitive and neural studies, we here argue that mindfulness based cognitive behavioural therapy may be better at reducing anger and aggression than other behavioural treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy or mindfulness alone. We provide key information on future research work and best ways to manage anger and reduce aggression. Importantly, future research should investigate how anger related behaviours is acquired and how stress impacts the development of anger.

愤怒和攻击性对人们的安全和整个社会有很大影响。为了提供干预措施以尽量减少攻击性行为，了解愤怒和攻击性的神经和认知方面非常重要。在这篇系统综述中，我们研究了愤怒相关过程的认知和神经方面，包括愤怒相关行为和减少愤怒。然后，我们利用这些信息回顾现有的治疗愤怒相关疾病以及愤怒管理的方法，包括正念和认知行为疗法。在认知层面，我们认为愤怒与过度关注与愤怒相关的刺激和冲动有关。在神经层面，愤怒与杏仁核和腹内侧前额叶皮层的异常功能有关。总之，基于认知和神经研究，我们认为基于正念的认知行为疗法可能比其他行为疗法（例如认知行为疗法或单独的正念疗法）更能减少愤怒和攻击性。我们提供有关未来研究工作的关键信息以及管理愤怒和减少攻击性的最佳方法。重要的是，未来的研究应该调查愤怒相关行为是如何获得的以及压力如何影响愤怒的发展。