In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

• Emerging Strategies for Promoting Local Economic Performance of American Communities
• Vijai P. Singh

Abstract

This paper explores a new localism dynamic in American communities redeveloping their socioeconomic base for a more stable and promising future. Key to this new localism is the recognition that each community has its own economic and population base linked with neighboring communities. The role of state and local governments is also considered in creating focal sectors. The case of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is used as a specific example of how local communities can welcome new businesses and people, spawning a new localism that becomes a driving force in creating stable and prosperous communities.

Keywords

New localism, economic performance, emerging strategies, American communities, Pittsburgh

[End Page 68]

Introduction

Since the second half of the twentieth century, modern technologies and management practices increased the efficiency of the production of goods and services. This significantly influenced internal migration patterns in the United States. The mobility of both capital and labor has expanded growth and productivity overall. Investors and entrepreneurs especially seek locational advantages where local and state governments operate efficiently, minimizing the bureaucratic costs of doing business while increasing local productivity. Proactive regional governance can and often does facilitate local economic growth and job creation. Local governments and coalitions that seize upon their unique regional advantages attract people and economic activities (Partridge and Olfert 2011:143-146). The emerging strategies associated with the new localism (Katz and Nowak 2017, Snyder 2018) recognize these major shifts in population and economic activities.

New localism involves an understanding of comparative advantage of a particular place and its institutions. It embodies unique problem-solving abilities and actions on the part of local political and economic leaders who have shared objectives for a larger good. It is a collaborative approach in which different ideas and practices are integrated to address a variety of issues simultaneously. New localism seeks to bring together the expertise and resourcefulness of leaders in business, government, and society. However, the major stakeholders must have extensive knowledge and information about the structure of the community and its functioning to enable mobilization of people and local resources to ensure local economic success (Florida et al 2017, 86-96).

One tenet of the new localism is that each community must determine its own economic future based on its competitiveness in retaining and attracting businesses, entrepreneurs, and an ever increasingly skilled work force. Complementarily, local institutional resources such as good schools, affordable health care systems, dynamic businesses and efficient transportation systems create opportunities for robust economic growth and greater social stability. Ideally, local leaders in business, government, colleges and universities, and philanthropic organizations should work together to evaluate alternative strategies for local economic growth and job creation.

While growing urban regions with diversified economies offer opportunities for economic and social stability within local communities, not all urban regions are on a healthy trajectory of growth. Some communities may not succeed because their efforts are too little and too late. Such communities may lose population and face an eroding economic base while still retaining people who are less economically active, leading to local or regional decline affecting the quality of life among all age groups.

What a healthy economic growth trajectory looks like is not necessarily the same from region to region. Particularly since the 1980s, economic production increased, along with global trade. This altered the wider economic context for regional competitiveness. Competitiveness increasingly depends on access to skilled workforces, strong economic infrastructure, and computerization of work across all economic sectors. Local economies have had to adjust to this changing economic landscape through more efficient use of local resources and recognition of previously unseen opportunities.

The New Localism and Scientific Advancement

Central to technological upgrading is the advancement of science, including both incremental "normal" science (Kuhn 1962) and key breakthroughs. The new localism situates these within networked loci. Scientific developments, both major and minor, are not random events. These developments are also more [End Page 69] likely to occur in some locations rather than others. Some regions are endowed with characteristics that attract scientific talent, financial resources, and good management. Additionally, certain geographic locations may be much better suited to foster new innovations and business...

中文翻译：

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促进美国社区地方经济表现的新兴战略

代替摘要，这里是内容的简短摘录：

• 促进美国社区地方经济表现的新兴战略
• 维杰·辛格

抽象的

本文探讨了美国社区重新发展其社会经济基础以实现更加稳定和充满希望的未来的新地方主义动态。这种新地方主义的关键是认识到每个社区都有自己的经济和人口基础，与邻近社区联系在一起。在创建重点部门时也考虑了州和地方政府的作用。宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的案例被用作当地社区如何欢迎新企业和新人的具体例子，催生了一种新的地方主义，成为创建稳定和繁荣社区的驱动力。

关键词

新地方主义、经济表现、新兴战略、美国社区、匹兹堡

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介绍

自 20 世纪下半叶以来，现代技术和管理实践提高了商品和服务生产的效率。这极大地影响了美国的内部迁移模式。资本和劳动力的流动性提高了整体的增长和生产力。投资者和企业家尤其寻求地方和州政府有效运作的区位优势，最大限度地降低开展业务的官僚成本，同时提高当地生产力。积极的区域治理可以而且经常确实促进地方经济增长和创造就业机会。地方政府和联盟利用其独特的区域优势来吸引人和经济活动（Partridge 和 Olfert 2011：143-146）。

新地方主义涉及对特定地方及其制度的比较优势的理解。它体现了地方政治和经济领导人独特的解决问题的能力和行动，他们为更大的利益而有着共同的目标。这是一种协作方法，其中整合了不同的想法和实践，以同时解决各种问题。新地方主义寻求将商业、政府和社会领导者的专业知识和足智多谋汇集在一起​​。然而，主要利益相关者必须对社区结构及其运作有广泛的了解和信息，以动员人员和当地资源以确保当地经济成功（Florida et al 2017, 86-96）。

新地方主义的一个原则是，每个社区必须根据其在留住和吸引企业、企业家和日益熟练的劳动力方面的竞争力来确定自己的经济未来。作为补充，优质学校、负担得起的医疗保健系统、充满活力的企业和高效的交通系统等地方机构资源为强劲的经济增长和更大的社会稳定创造了机会。理想情况下，企业、政府、学院和大学以及慈善组织的地方领导人应该共同努力，评估当地经济增长和创造就业机会的替代战略。

虽然经济多样化的城市地区不断发展为当地社区的经济和社会稳定提供了机会，但并非所有城市地区都处于健康的增长轨道上。一些社区可能不会成功，因为他们的努力太少而且太晚了。这些社区可能会失去人口并面临经济基础的侵蚀，同时仍然保留经济活动较少的人，从而导致地方或区域衰退，影响所有年龄组的生活质量。

健康的经济增长轨迹在不同地区不一定相同。特别是自 1980 年代以来，经济生产随着全球贸易而增加。这改变了区域竞争力的更广泛的经济背景。竞争力越来越依赖于获得熟练劳动力、强大的经济基础设施以及所有经济部门工作的计算机化。当地经济必须通过更有效地利用当地资源和认识到以前看不见的机会来适应这种不断变化的经济格局。

新地方主义与科学进步

技术升级的核心是科学的进步，包括渐进的“正常”科学（Kuhn 1962）和关键突破。新的地方主义将这些置于网络化的场所中。重大和次要的科学发展都不是随机事件。这些发展也更有可能发生在某些地方，而不是其他地方。一些地区具有吸引科学人才、财力资源和良好管理的特点。此外，某些地理位置可能更适合促进新的创新和业务……