Magnetic skyrmions, topologically protected chiral spin swirling quasiparticles, have attracted great attention in fundamental physics and applications. Recently, the discovery of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets have aroused great interest due to their appealing physical properties. Moreover, both experimental and theoretical works have revealed that isotropic Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) can be achieved in 2D magnets or ferromagnet-based heterostructures. However, 2D magnets with anisotropic DMI haven’t been reported yet. Here, via using first-principles calculations, we unveil that anisotropic DMI protected by D_2d crystal symmetry can exist in 2D ternary compounds MCuX₂ (M: 3d transition metal (TM), X: group VIA). Interestingly, by using micromagnetic simulations, we demonstrate that ferromagnetic (FM) antiskyrmions, FM bimerons, antiferromagnetic (AFM) antiskyrmions, and AFM bimerons can be realized in the MCuX₂ family. Our discovery opens up an avenue to creating antiskyrmions and bimerons with anisotropic DMI protected by D_2d crystal symmetry in 2D magnets.

磁性斯格明子是一种拓扑保护的手性自旋旋涡准粒子，在基础物理和应用中引起了极大的关注。最近，二维（2D）范德华（vdW）磁体的发现因其吸引人的物理特性而引起了极大的兴趣。此外，实验和理论工作都表明，各向同性的 Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya 相互作用 (DMI) 可以在二维磁体或基于铁磁体的异质结构中实现。然而，尚未报道具有各向异性 DMI 的二维磁体。在这里，通过第一性原理计算，我们揭示了受D _2d晶体对称性保护的各向异性DMI可以存在于2D三元化合物M Cu X ₂ ( M：3d 过渡金属 (TM)，X：VIA 组)。有趣的是，通过使用微磁模拟，我们证明了铁磁 (FM) antiskyrmions、FM bimerons、反铁磁 (AFM) antiskyrmions 和 AFM bimerons 可以在M Cu X ₂家族中实现。我们的发现为创造具有各向异性 DMI 的反skyrmions 和 bimerons 开辟了一条途径，这些 DMI 受二维磁体中的_二维晶体对称性保护。