Introduction: While praise is generally pleasant and criticism unpleasant, individual differences in response to social evaluations arise from distinct personal traits and states. Here, we investigate how processing of self-referential praise and criticism varies with personal attributes related to anxiety and depression, two highly prevalent and often chronic affective conditions. Methods: Ninety-three healthy participants first completed questionnaires for anxiety- and depression-related traits and states, and then they were scheduled to perform an evaluation task to rate praise and criticism for pleasantness and truthfulness. Results: Fear of negative evaluation positively correlated with unpleasantness of criticism. Trait- and state-anxiety and depression were positively associated with the truthfulness of criticism but negatively associated with that of praise. We further divided participants into high- and low-scoring groups based on the medians of their scores of each scale that displayed significant correlations with comment ratings and found group differences in their responses to praise and criticism. Discussion: The findings suggest that more highly anxious and depressed individuals may be subject to negatively-distorted self-representations in response to self-referential evaluations, thus exhibiting attenuated rejection for criticism or reduced acceptance for praise, which may have important implications not only for facilitating daily social interactions but also for subclinical and clinical diagnosis and treatment given that affective and cognitive processing of self-referential evaluations serves as a critical process exhibiting the sense of the self.

中文翻译：

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焦虑和抑郁相关的个体差异在自我参照表扬和批评的情感和认知判断中

简介：虽然称赞通常是令人愉快的，批评是不愉快的，但个体对社会评价的反应差异源于不同的个人特征和状态。在这里，我们调查了自我参照表扬和批评的处理如何随着与焦虑和抑郁相关的个人属性而变化，这两种非常普遍且通常是慢性的情感状况。方法：93 名健康参与者首先完成关于焦虑和抑郁相关特征和状态的问卷调查，然后安排他们执行评估任务，对愉快和真实的表扬和批评进行评分。结果：对负面评价的恐惧与对批评的不愉快呈正相关。特质和状态焦虑和抑郁与批评的真实性呈正相关，但与赞美的真实性呈负相关。我们根据每个量表的得分中位数进一步将参与者分为高分和低分组，这些中位数与评论评分有显着相关性，并发现他们对表扬和批评的反应存在群体差异。讨论：研究结果表明，高度焦虑和抑郁的个体可能会因自我参照评估而产生负面扭曲的自我表征，从而表现出对批评的拒绝减少或对表扬的接受减少，