Introduction: Depressive realism literature suggests that depressed individuals’ negative self-view is correlated with less self-serving positivity bias. Also, research suggests some social cognitive advantages for individuals with subclinical levels of depression (dysphoria), especially in identifying negative emotions. This study tested the hypothesis that individuals with dysphoric symptoms show less of a truth bias and are more accurate at detecting deception. Moreover, this effect was expected to be stronger in positive statements (I like) than in negative (I dislike) statements. Finally, a lower judgment confidence and a more accurate assessment of their lie detection ability were expected to be found in individuals with dysphoric symptoms. Methods: Two hundred-sixty-nine participants judged the veracity of 24 video statements. Analyses tested the hypotheses with three different measures of depression: the IPIP-240 Depression Subscale, the PHQ-9, and the DESC-I. Results: In contrast to the assumptions, results found no evidence that individuals with dysphoric symptoms were better at identifying false and true messages in general. While higher scores of the DESC-I were negatively correlated with accuracy in lie detection, the IPIP-240 and the PHQ-9 were found to be not significantly correlated with lie detection accuracy. While for like statements individuals with dysphoric symptoms and individuals without (measured with the DESC-I) were not different in accuracy, individuals with dysphoric symptoms had lower accuracy scores in dislike statements than individuals without. Moreover, the PHQ-9 found lower measures of judgment confidence in individuals with dysphoric symptoms compared to individuals without, while the other depression measurements showed no significant differences. Furthermore, no evidence for a more accurate assessment of lie detection ability in individuals with dysphoric symptoms was found. Discussion: Results and directions for future research are discussed.

中文翻译：

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更可悲、更不易受骗？——调查真实性判断中的抑郁现实主义效应

简介：抑郁现实主义文献表明，抑郁个体的消极自我观与较少自利的积极偏见相关。此外，研究表明，亚临床抑郁症（烦躁）水平的个体具有一些社会认知优势，尤其是在识别负面情绪方面。这项研究检验了这样一个假设，即患有烦躁症状的人表现出的真相偏见较少，并且在检测欺骗方面更准确。此外，预计这种影响在正面陈述（我喜欢）中比在负面（我不喜欢）陈述中更强。最后，预计在有烦躁症状的个体中会发现较低的判断信心和更准确的测谎能力评估。方法：269名被试对24条视频陈述的真实性进行判断。分析用三种不同的抑郁测量方法检验了假设：IPIP-240 抑郁分量表、PHQ-9 和 DESC-I。结果：与假设相反，结果发现没有证据表明有烦躁症状的人通常更善于识别虚假和真实信息。虽然 DESC-I 的较高分数与测谎精度呈负相关，但发现 IPIP-240 和 PHQ-9 与测谎精度没有显着相关性。虽然对于类似陈述的个体有烦躁症状和没有个体（用 DESC-I 测量）在准确性上没有差异，但有烦躁症状的个体在不喜欢陈述中的准确度得分低于没有个体。而且，PHQ-9 发现与没有焦虑症状的个体相比，有焦虑症状的个体的判断信心测量值较低，而其他抑郁测量值则没有显着差异。此外，没有发现更准确评估有烦躁症状个体测谎能力的证据。讨论：讨论了未来研究的结果和方向。