Introduction: Embarrassment is a social affect. Once experienced in social interactions (SIs), it can be a precursor of clinical symptoms like depersonalization and ruminative thinking. This experience sampling study investigated predictors of embarrassment in social phobia (SP), major depressive disorder (MDD), and controls. Methods: For seven days, a total of n = 165 patients (n = 47 SP, n = 118 MDD) and n = 119 controls completed five surveys per day on their smartphones. The effect of social anxiety and depression facets on embarrassment was examined in contemporaneous and time-lagged models. Results: Individuals with SP or MDD experienced more embarrassing SIs than controls. Among facets of depression, feelings of guilt, and low self-worth significantly predicted embarrassment in contemporaneous, but not in time-lagged models. Among facets of social anxiety, worries about other people's opinion and worries of saying or doing something wrong during a social interaction significantly predicted embarrassment (contemporaneous and time-lagged; all p < .05). Discussion: The study reveals important cognitive factors that accompany embarrassment in SIs and that connect social experience and clinical symptoms. Targeting these putative dysfunctions could be an important strategy in therapy. The differential patterns in SP and MDD are discussed.

中文翻译：

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社交恐惧症、重度抑郁症和健康控制中日常社交互动中尴尬的预测因素

简介：尴尬是一种社会影响。一旦在社交互动 (SI) 中经历过，它可能是人格解体和反刍思维等临床症状的先兆。这项经验抽样研究调查了社交恐惧症 (SP)、重度抑郁症 (MDD) 和对照组中尴尬的预测因素。方法：在 7 天内，共有 n = 165 名患者（n = 47 SP，n = 118 MDD）和 n = 119 名对照者每天通过智能手机完成五次调查。在同时期和时间滞后的模型中检查了社交焦虑和抑郁方面对尴尬的影响。结果：与对照组相比，患有 SP 或 MDD 的个体经历了更多令人尴尬的 SI。在抑郁症的各个方面，内疚感和低自我价值显着预测了同时代的尴尬，但在时间滞后的模型中却没有。在社交焦虑的各个方面，担心他人的意见和担心在社交互动中说错话或做错事可显着预测尴尬（同时期和滞后时间；所有 p < .05）。讨论：该研究揭示了伴随 SI 尴尬的重要认知因素，并将社会经验和临床症状联系起来。针对这些假定的功能障碍可能是治疗中的重要策略。讨论了 SP 和 MDD 中的差分模式。该研究揭示了伴随 SI 尴尬的重要认知因素，并将社会经验和临床症状联系起来。针对这些假定的功能障碍可能是治疗中的重要策略。讨论了 SP 和 MDD 中的差分模式。该研究揭示了伴随 SI 尴尬的重要认知因素，并将社会经验和临床症状联系起来。针对这些假定的功能障碍可能是治疗中的重要策略。讨论了 SP 和 MDD 中的差分模式。