Background: Brief interventions such as mental health apps and single-session interventions are increasingly popular, efficacious, and accessible delivery formats that may be beneficial for college students whose mental health needs may not be adequately met by college counseling centers. However, no studies so far have examined the effectiveness of these modes of treatment for college students who are already receiving traditional therapy, despite it being common among this population. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the differences in self-reported momentary negative affect between college students in therapy and not in therapy who received a brief single-session intervention delivered by counseling center staff and a supplemental mobile app. Methods: Data for this study were drawn from E-Manage, a brief mobile health intervention geared toward college students. Participants in the study were 173 college students who indicated whether they had received therapy. We conducted a multilevel model to determine whether there were differences between those in therapy versus not in therapy in negative affect reported throughout the study. Following this, we conducted multilevel models with therapy status as the predictor and negative affect as the outcome. Results: Results of the multilevel model testing showed that the cross-level interaction between the time point (ie, pre- vs postexercise) and therapy status was significant (P=.008), with the reduction in negative affect from pre- to postexercise greater for those in therapy (b=–0.65, 95% CI –0.91 to –0.40; P<.001) than it was for those not in therapy (b=–0.31, 95% CI –0.43 to –0.19; P<.001). Therapy status was unassociated with both the pre-exercise (b=–1.69, 95% CI –3.51 to 0.13; P=.07) and postexercise (b=–1.37, 95% CI –3.17 to 0.43; P=.14) ratings of negative affect. Conclusions: These findings suggest that app-based and single-session interventions are also appropriate to use among college students who are receiving traditional therapy. A randomized controlled trial comparing students receiving therapy to students receiving therapy and E-Manage will be necessary to determine to what extent E-Manage contributed to the reductions in negative affect that therapy-attending college students experienced.

中文翻译：

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接受传统疗法的大学生的简短远程医疗和智能手机干预的有效性：使用生态瞬时评估数据的纵向研究

背景：心理健康应用程序和单次干预等简短干预措施越来越流行、有效且易于获取，这可能对大学咨询中心可能无法充分满足心理健康需求的大学生有益。然而，到目前为止，还没有研究检查过这些治疗模式对已经接受传统治疗的大学生的有效性，尽管这种治疗在这一人群中很常见。目的：本研究的目的是比较接受咨询中心工作人员和补充移动应用程序提供的简短单次干预的大学生在接受治疗和未接受治疗的大学生之间自我报告的瞬时负面影响的差异。方法：本研究的数据来自 E-Manage，这是一种针对大学生的简短移动健康干预措施。该研究的参与者是 173 名大学生，他们表明他们是否接受过治疗。我们进行了一个多层次模型，以确定在整个研究中报告的负面影响中，接受治疗的患者与未接受治疗的患者之间是否存在差异。在此之后，我们进行了多层次模型，其中治疗状态作为预测因子，负面影响作为结果。结果：多层次模型检验结果表明，时间点（即运动前与运动后）与治疗状态之间的跨层次交互作用显着（P = .008），运动前后负面影响减少对那些正在接受治疗的人来说更大（b =–0.65, 95% CI –0.91 至 –0.40；P <.001) 比未接受治疗的患者 ( b =–0.31, 95% CI –0.43 to –0.19; P <.001)。治疗状态与运动前 ( b =–1.69, 95% CI –3.51 至 0.13; P =.07) 和运动后 ( b =–1.37, 95% CI –3.17 至 0.43; P =.14)无关负面影响的评级。结论：这些研究结果表明，基于应用程序的单次干预也适用于接受传统疗法的大学生。有必要进行一项随机对照试验，将接受治疗的学生与接受治疗的学生和 E-Manage 进行比较，以确定 E-Manage 在多大程度上有助于减少接受治疗的大学生所经历的负面影响。