当前位置: X-MOL 学术Behav. Ecol. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Female countertactics to male feticide and infanticide in a multilevel primate society
Behavioral Ecology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-30 , DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac022
Zuofu Xiang 1 , Yang Yu 2 , Hui Yao 3 , Qinglang Hu 2 , Wanji Yang 3 , Ming Li 4, 5
Affiliation  

Abstract The occurrence of male feticide and/or infanticide represents an extreme case of sexual conflict: an adaptive strategy of male reproduction at the expense of females. Females are predicted to develop numerous countertactics; however, it has remained unclear whether countertactics can effectively shift the balance which likely depends on the social and mating system. We conducted a 15-year, detailed observation of female and male behavior during male replacement in free-ranging golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) of a multilevel society. We have identified several potential countertactics against feticide and/or infanticide, including pregnant or lactating females staying with ousted males or transferring to stay with the ousted male after being attacked, which lead to 2 of 11 fetuses succumbing to feticide, and extra-unit mating, female joint defense and transferring with their infants to other social units, which lead to 6 of 34 infants succumbing to infanticide. Female joint defenses crucially delay infanticide, providing mothers the opportunity to transfer with their vulnerable infants to another social unit where they have previously mated with the male leader or where they have female relatives. Importantly, in response to mothers starting to transfer, some males cease attacking infants, a change in behavior that is likely to be beneficial to males because during their tenures they can sire future offspring of the mothers who remain. Our findings show how dynamic interactions between males and females can be and how the conditions in multilevel societies can shift the outcome of intersexual conflict from males to females.

中文翻译:

多层次灵长类社会中女性对男性堕胎和杀婴的反击

摘要 男胎和/或杀婴的发生代表了一种极端的性冲突案例:一种以牺牲女性为代价的男性生殖适应性策略。预计女性会发展出许多反策略;然而,目前尚不清楚反策略是否能有效改变可能取决于社会和交配系统的平衡。我们对多层次社会中自由放养的金丝猴 (Rhinopithecus roxellana) 在雄性替代期间的雌性和雄性行为进行了为期 15 年的详细观察。我们已经确定了几种针对杀胎和/或杀婴的潜在反策略,包括怀孕或哺乳期的女性与被驱逐的男性住在一起或在受到攻击后转移到被驱逐的男性身边,这导致 11 个胎儿中有 2 个死于杀胎,以及单位外交配、雌性联合防御以及与婴儿一起转移到其他社会单位,这导致 34 名婴儿中有 6 名死于杀婴。女性联合防御至关重要地延缓杀婴,让母亲有机会将脆弱的婴儿转移到另一个社会单位,在那里她们以前曾与男性领导人交配过,或者她们有女性亲属。重要的是,作为对母亲开始转移的回应,一些雄性停止攻击婴儿,这种行为变化可能对雄性有益,因为在他们的任期内,他们可以为留下的母亲生下未来的后代。我们的研究结果显示了男性和女性之间的动态互动如何,以及多层次社会中的条件如何将两性冲突的结果从男性转移到女性。女性共同防御并与婴儿一起转移到其他社会单位,导致 34 名婴儿中有 6 名死于杀婴。女性联合防御至关重要地延缓杀婴,让母亲有机会将脆弱的婴儿转移到另一个社会单位,在那里她们以前曾与男性领导人交配过,或者她们有女性亲属。重要的是,作为对母亲开始转移的回应,一些雄性停止攻击婴儿,这种行为变化可能对雄性有益,因为在他们的任期内,他们可以为留下的母亲生下未来的后代。我们的研究结果显示了男性和女性之间的动态互动如何,以及多层次社会中的条件如何将两性冲突的结果从男性转移到女性。女性共同防御并与婴儿一起转移到其他社会单位,导致 34 名婴儿中有 6 名死于杀婴。女性联合防御至关重要地延缓杀婴,让母亲有机会将脆弱的婴儿转移到另一个社会单位,在那里她们以前曾与男性领导人交配过,或者她们有女性亲属。重要的是,作为对母亲开始转移的回应,一些雄性停止攻击婴儿,这种行为变化可能对雄性有益,因为在他们的任期内,他们可以为留下的母亲生下未来的后代。我们的研究结果显示了男性和女性之间的动态互动如何,以及多层次社会中的条件如何将两性冲突的结果从男性转移到女性。
更新日期:2022-04-30
down
wechat
bug