Abstract Understanding foraging strategies and decision-making processes of predators provide crucial insights into how they might respond to changes in prey availability and in their environment to maximize their net energy input. In this work, foraging strategies of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella, AFS) and Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus, NFS) were studied to determine how they adjust their foraging behavior according to their past prey capture experiences. AFS on Kerguelen Islands are exclusively oceanic divers, while NFS population of St Paul Island shows both oceanic and neritic divers. We thus hypothesized that the two species would respond differently to a change in prey capture success depending on their foraging strategy. To test this, 40 females were equipped with tags that measured tri-axial acceleration, dive depth, and GPS coordinates, from which we derived prey capture attempts and behavioral metrics. Influence of prey capture success on horizontal and vertical movements of seals was investigated at different time scales: multi-dive, night, and trip. Both AFS and NFS traveled further during the day if they encountered low prey capture periods during the previous night. However, at the multi-dive scale, neritic NFS differed from oceanic NFS and AFS in terms of decision-making processes, e.g., both AFS and oceanic NFS dived deeper in response to low prey capture rate periods, while neritic NFS did not. Similarities in decision-making processes between NFS and AFS foraging on pelagic prey suggest that pelagic vs. neritic prey type is a key factor in defining foraging decisions of diving marine predators.

中文翻译：

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我应该走还是留？与觅食成功相关的海狗行为调整

摘要 了解捕食者的觅食策略和决策过程为它们如何应对猎物可用性和环境变化以最大化其净能量输入提供了重要的见解。在这项工作中，研究了南极海狗（Arctocephalus gella，AFS）和北方海狗（Callorhinus ursinus，NFS）的觅食策略，以确定它们如何根据过去的猎物捕获经验调整觅食行为。Kerguelen 群岛上的 AFS 完全是海洋潜水员，而圣保罗岛的 NFS 人口则同时显示海洋和浅海潜水员。因此，我们假设这两个物种会对猎物捕获成功的变化做出不同的反应，具体取决于它们的觅食策略。为了测试这个，40 名女性配备了测量三轴加速度、潜水深度和 GPS 坐标的标签，我们从中得出猎物捕获尝试和行为指标。在不同的时间尺度上研究了猎物捕获成功对海豹水平和垂直运动的影响：多次潜水、夜间和旅行。如果 AFS 和 NFS 在前一天晚上遇到低猎物捕获期，则它们在白天会走得更远。然而，在多潜水尺度上，浅海 NFS 与海洋 NFS 和 AFS 在决策过程方面有所不同，例如，AFS 和海洋 NFS 都在响应低猎物捕获率期间下潜更深，而浅海 NFS 则没有。NFS 和 AFS 在远洋猎物上觅食的决策过程的相似性表明，远洋与远洋猎物之间的决策过程相似。