This review examines observed and hypothesized environmental impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Impacts are considered along two axes: timescale (from initial widespread sheltering, to a future after the economic recovery) and causal link (from direct impacts of protective measures, to cascading impacts of policy choices and market and behavioral responses). The available literature documents both positive and negative environmental consequences. These include many early reports of positive impacts (such as clearer skies and wildlife returning to vacated areas). However, it has become clear both that those benefits were largely temporary and that the prolonged health and economic disruptions pose acute risks to many terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Furthermore, this review was completed just as the Omicron variant emerged. Given the pandemic's persistence, the long timescales of cascading impacts, and the inherent lags in research and publication, this review provides an early view of what will eventually be known about the environmental impacts of the pandemic.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 与环境：短期和潜在的长期影响


本综述研究了 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行的观察到的和假设的环境影响。影响是沿着两个轴考虑的：时间尺度（从最初的广泛庇护，到经济复苏后的未来）和因果关系（从保护措施的直接影响，到政策选择和市场和行为反应的级联影响）。现有文献记录了积极和消极的环境后果。其中包括许多积极影响的早期报告（例如更晴朗的天空和野生动物返回空旷地区）。然而，很明显，这些好处在很大程度上是暂时的，而且长期的健康和经济破坏对许多陆地和海洋生态系统构成了严重风险。此外，本次审查是在 Omicron 变体出现时完成的。鉴于这一流行病的持续存在、连锁影响的长期影响以及研究和出版的固有滞后性，这篇综述提供了有关该流行病最终对环境影响的初步看法。