Global warming may alter microbial ecosystem functions through reshaping of microbial diversities, compositions and interactions. Here, the community compositions, assembly processes and microbial interactions of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) were compared between the warming year of 2014 and 2016 in the Chukchi Sea. Our results indicated that prokaryotic diversity was significant higher in the warmer year of 2016. Furthermore, stochastic processes always dominated archaeal assembly processes, but bacterial assembly processes were mainly shaped by deterministic processes in 2016. And more keystones were detected in bacteria than that in archaea to maintain prokaryotic community stability. Both bacterial and archaeal community variations had significant correlations with environmental factors, although many of these factors (such as TN, TP, TOC and heavy metals) had not changed significantly from 2014 to 2016. Our study provides some new insights into microbial responses to climate warming in marine sediments.

全球变暖可能通过重塑微生物多样性、组成和相互作用来改变微生物生态系统的功能。在这里，比较了 2014 年和 2016 年楚科奇海变暖年份之间原核生物（细菌和古细菌）的群落组成、组装过程和微生物相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，在 2016 年较暖的年份，原核生物多样性显着升高。此外，随机过程始终主导古细菌的组装过程，但 2016 年细菌组装过程主要受确定性过程的影响。细菌中检测到的基石多于古细菌。维护原核生物群落稳定。细菌和古细菌群落的变异都与环境因素有显着相关性，尽管其中许多因素（如 TN、TP、