Recently, layered black phosphorus (BP) has become a rising star in two-dimensional materials because of high thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, and size effect. Layered BP can be used as an ideal filler for the preparation of polymer-based composites with high performance. Realizing the exfoliation and functionalization of BP has become the key to BP's application. Under the protection of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and the assistance of sucrose, we completed the preparation and functionalization of layered BP by ball milling. Surface grafting of oxygen-containing functional groups can realize the uniform dispersion of BP in matrix and improve its stability in air. As expected, the nanocomposites prepared by adding sucrose grafted BP into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix have significantly improved flame retardancy and mechanical strength. When the addition amount of BP-sucrose(N) was 5 wt%, compared with pure PVA, the decrease of the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) reached 52.5% and 32.8%, and the tensile strength increased by 131.2%. Moreover, the addition of NMP can avoid the excessive destruction of the two-dimensional crystal structure of BP, which can also improve the performance of nanocomposites. Due to the encapsulation effect of sucrose, the nanocomposites have excellent air stability. The A_g¹/A_g² value only decreases from 0.52 to 0.49 even after three months of exposure to environmental conditions, which proves that the degree of oxidation is low. This work has provided an efficient way to exfoliate and functionalize BP simultaneously, and expanded the application of BP in flame retardant nanocomposites.

近年来，层状黑磷（BP）凭借高热稳定性、优异的力学性能和尺寸效应成为二维材料中的后起之秀。层状BP可作为制备高性能聚合物基复合材料的理想填料。实现BP的剥离和功能化成为BP应用的关键。在N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）的保护和蔗糖的辅助下，我们通过球磨完成了层状BP的制备和功能化。含氧官能团的表面接枝可以实现BP在基体中的均匀分散，提高其在空气中的稳定性。正如预期的那样，将蔗糖接枝的 BP 添加到聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 基体中制备的纳米复合材料具有显着提高的阻燃性和机械强度。当BP-蔗糖(N)的添加量为5 wt%时,与纯PVA相比,峰值放热率(PHRR)和总放热(THR)分别降低了52.5%和32.8%,拉伸强度增长 131.2%。此外，NMP的加入可以避免对BP二维晶体结构的过度破坏，也可以提高纳米复合材料的性能。由于蔗糖的包封作用，纳米复合材料具有优异的空气稳定性。一个 抗拉强度提高了131.2%。此外，NMP的加入可以避免对BP二维晶体结构的过度破坏，也可以提高纳米复合材料的性能。由于蔗糖的包封作用，纳米复合材料具有优异的空气稳定性。一个 抗拉强度提高了131.2%。此外，NMP的加入可以避免对BP二维晶体结构的过度破坏，也可以提高纳米复合材料的性能。由于蔗糖的包封作用，纳米复合材料具有优异的空气稳定性。一个暴露于环境条件三个月后，_g ¹ /A _g ^{2值仅从0.52下降到0.49，证明氧化程度低。}该工作为同时剥离和功能化BP提供了一种有效的方法，并扩大了BP在阻燃纳米复合材料中的应用。