The likelihood that longevity will continue to increase has generated a search for regulation that make people work longer as they live longer, and thus not just containing pension expenditure but also enlarging labor supply, economic growth, and tax revenue. In public pension policy, Nordic countries have led the world with three types of approaches aimed at making people retire later. The first came when Sweden, followed by Finland and Norway, installed life expectancy coefficients in benefit calculation formulas. The second followed as Finland introduced age-related accrual rates and the third when Denmark indexed the pensionable age to developments in life expectancy. Since economic incentive-based regulations failed to raise exit ages sufficiently, Finland and Sweden subsequently linked pensionable ages to life expectancy like Denmark. While this policy brings out inequalities in health and workability, the fact that countries found it necessary to index the pensionable age to longevity instead of just relying on economic incentives in regulating retirement behavior may hold lessons for other countries.

中文翻译：

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规范退休年龄——北欧养老金政策方法的经验教训

寿命继续延长的可能性促使人们寻求监管，使人们的工作时间随着寿命的延长而延长，从而不仅可以控制养老金支出，还可以扩大劳动力供应、经济增长和税收收入。在公共养老金政策方面，北欧国家通过三种旨在让人们延迟退休的方法引领世界。第一个是瑞典，随后是芬兰和挪威，在福利计算公式中加入了预期寿命系数。第二次是芬兰引入了与年龄相关的应计率，第三次是丹麦将领取养老金的年龄与预期寿命的发展挂钩。由于基于经济激励的法规未能充分提高退出年龄，芬兰和瑞典随后像丹麦一样将领取养老金的年龄与预期寿命联系起来。