Abstract

One of the less well-known facets of the final years of pax Britannica in the Persian Gulf was the unwritten policy that the British government overthrew rulers who breached their treaty commitments, failed to develop their states or who declined to accept advice. Between 1965 and 1970 the Foreign Office orchestrated three coups in the region: Sharjah in 1965, Abu Dhabi in 1966 and Salalah (Oman) in 1970. Various objectives were achieved including the maintenance of prestige, strategic interests and the introduction of a ruler who was more amenable. The mechanisms of influence that the British employed varied considerably between the Trucial States, which were protected by treaties signed in the nineteenth century with the Government of India, and the Sultanate of Oman, which was always regarded as nominally independent. The British created a network of influence in the Gulf that endured for 150 years.

摘要

波斯湾大不列颠和平最后几年鲜为人知的方面之一是不成文的政策，即英国政府推翻违反条约承诺、未能发展其国家或拒绝接受建议的统治者。1965 年至 1970 年期间，外交部在该地区策划了三场政变：1965 年的沙迦、1966 年的阿布扎比​​和 1970 年的塞拉莱（阿曼）。实现了各种目标，包括维护威望、战略利益和引入一位统治者更服从。英国人采用的影响机制在受到 19 世纪与印度政府签署的条约保护的特鲁西尔国家和一直被视为名义上独立的阿曼苏丹国之间存在很大差异。