Urbanization and pollution are the major issues of the current time own to the exhaustive consumption of fossil fuels which have a detrimental effect on the nation's economies and air quality due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and shortage of energy reserves. Algae, an autotrophic organism provides a green substitute for energy as well as commercial products. Algal extracts become an efficient source for bioactive compounds having anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancerous potential. Besides the conventional approach, residual biomass from any algal-based process might act as a renewable substrate for fermentation. Likewise, lignocellulosic biomass, algal biomass can also be processed for sugar recovery by different pre-treatment strategies like acid and alkali hydrolysis, microwave, ionic liquid, and ammonia fiber explosion, etc. Residual algal biomass hydrolysate can be used as a feedstock to produce bioenergy (biohydrogen, biogas, methane) and biochemicals (organic acids, polyhydroxyalkanoates) via microbial fermentation.

城市化和污染是当今时代的主要问题，化石燃料的大量消耗由于温室气体（GHG）排放和能源储备短缺而对国家经济和空气质量产生不利影响。藻类是一种自养生物，为能源和商业产品提供了绿色替代品。藻类提取物成为具有抗微生物、抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌潜力的生物活性化合物的有效来源。除了传统方法外，任何基于藻类的过程的残留生物质都可以作为发酵的可再生底物。同样，木质纤维素生物质、藻类生物质也可以通过不同的预处理策略如酸碱水解、微波、离子液体、