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Composition engineering of AZO films for controlled photon–electron conversion and ultrafast nonlinear optical behavior
Nanoscale ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-06 , DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02279f Hai-Quan Liu 1 , Cheng-Bao Yao 1
Nanoscale ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-06 , DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02279f Hai-Quan Liu 1 , Cheng-Bao Yao 1
Affiliation
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Exploring micro–nano photonic crystals as nonlinear optical switching and optical limiting devices for Gaussian light fields with ultrashort pulse widths has attracted extensive research, mainly originating from its controllable modulation of the third/fifth-order nonlinear optical behavior and ultrafast carrier dynamics. In this work, Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films with controllable and excellent third-order nonlinear optical behavior have been uniformly deposited on quartz substrates by a single-step co-sputtering method. Al dopant-dependent ultrafast carrier dynamics and nonlinear optical properties in hexagonal ZnO films are discussed. The bonding mode of Al atoms in the ZnO lattice changed from substitutional to substitutional-decoration, which has been controllably achieved at different DC sputtering powers. The strain, crystallinity, grain size, dislocation density, and texture coefficient of the sample were quantitatively calculated by XRD and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed that the phase parameters can be regulated by the sputtering power. In addition, Hall test and photoluminescence spectra showed the contribution of the donor level on the band structure and the electron transfer characteristics, which will provide a strategy for understanding multi-type carrier dynamics under strong light fields. The finite-difference time-domain method was used to simulate the linear optical absorption/transmittance of the sample under a plane-wave optical field, which proved that the light–matter interaction failed to be significantly suppressed by shading and scattering effects. The carrier relaxation process and nonlinear absorption/refractive effects were controllably optimized by dopant Al atoms, which were confirmed by Z-scan and transient absorption spectroscopy. Compared with pure ZnO films, the third-order nonlinear refraction and absorption coefficients of AZO-power films can reach −8.926 × 10−15 m2 W−1 and −0.634 × 10−7 m W−1, respectively. AZO films with ultrafast carrier dynamics and controllable excellent third-order nonlinear optical coefficients can be used as all-optical switches and optical limiting devices, which provide a reference for advanced micro–nano optical materials.
中文翻译：
用于受控光子-电子转换和超快非线性光学行为的 AZO 薄膜的组成工程
探索微纳光子晶体作为具有超短脉冲宽度的高斯光场的非线性光学开关和光限制器件已引起广泛的研究，主要源于其对三阶/五阶非线性光学行为和超快载流子动力学的可控调制。本工作采用单步共溅射法将具有可控且优异的三阶非线性光学行为的Al掺杂ZnO（AZO）薄膜均匀沉积在石英衬底上。讨论了六方 ZnO 薄膜中与 Al 掺杂剂相关的超快载流子动力学和非线性光学特性。ZnO晶格中Al原子的键合方式从置换变为置换修饰，这在不同的直流溅射功率下是可控的。应变、结晶度、晶粒度、通过XRD和拉曼光谱定量计算了样品的位错密度和织构系数，证实了溅射功率可以调节相参数。此外，霍尔测试和光致发光光谱显示了施主能级对能带结构和电子转移特性的贡献，这将为理解强光场下的多型载流子动力学提供策略。采用有限差分时域法模拟平面波光场下样品的线性光吸收/透射率，证明光与物质的相互作用并没有被遮光和散射效应显着抑制。Z-扫描和瞬态吸收光谱。与纯ZnO薄膜相比，AZO-power薄膜的三阶非线性折射系数和吸收系数分别可以达到-8.926 × 10 -15 m 2 W -1和-0.634 × 10 -7 m W -1。AZO薄膜具有超快的载流子动力学和可控的优良三阶非线性光学系数，可用作全光开关和光限幅器件，为先进的微纳光学材料提供参考。
更新日期：2022-06-06
中文翻译：
用于受控光子-电子转换和超快非线性光学行为的 AZO 薄膜的组成工程
探索微纳光子晶体作为具有超短脉冲宽度的高斯光场的非线性光学开关和光限制器件已引起广泛的研究，主要源于其对三阶/五阶非线性光学行为和超快载流子动力学的可控调制。本工作采用单步共溅射法将具有可控且优异的三阶非线性光学行为的Al掺杂ZnO（AZO）薄膜均匀沉积在石英衬底上。讨论了六方 ZnO 薄膜中与 Al 掺杂剂相关的超快载流子动力学和非线性光学特性。ZnO晶格中Al原子的键合方式从置换变为置换修饰，这在不同的直流溅射功率下是可控的。应变、结晶度、晶粒度、通过XRD和拉曼光谱定量计算了样品的位错密度和织构系数，证实了溅射功率可以调节相参数。此外，霍尔测试和光致发光光谱显示了施主能级对能带结构和电子转移特性的贡献，这将为理解强光场下的多型载流子动力学提供策略。采用有限差分时域法模拟平面波光场下样品的线性光吸收/透射率，证明光与物质的相互作用并没有被遮光和散射效应显着抑制。Z-扫描和瞬态吸收光谱。与纯ZnO薄膜相比，AZO-power薄膜的三阶非线性折射系数和吸收系数分别可以达到-8.926 × 10 -15 m 2 W -1和-0.634 × 10 -7 m W -1。AZO薄膜具有超快的载流子动力学和可控的优良三阶非线性光学系数，可用作全光开关和光限幅器件，为先进的微纳光学材料提供参考。
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