The traditional complications of diabetes mellitus are well known and continue to pose a considerable burden on millions of people living with diabetes mellitus. However, advances in the management of diabetes mellitus and, consequently, longer life expectancies, have resulted in the emergence of evidence of the existence of a different set of lesser-acknowledged diabetes mellitus complications. With declining mortality from vascular disease, which once accounted for more than 50% of deaths amongst people with diabetes mellitus, cancer and dementia now comprise the leading causes of death in people with diabetes mellitus in some countries or regions. Additionally, studies have demonstrated notable links between diabetes mellitus and a broad range of comorbidities, including cognitive decline, functional disability, affective disorders, obstructive sleep apnoea and liver disease, and have refined our understanding of the association between diabetes mellitus and infection. However, no published review currently synthesizes this evidence to provide an in-depth discussion of the burden and risks of these emerging complications. This Review summarizes information from systematic reviews and major cohort studies regarding emerging complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus to identify and quantify associations, highlight gaps and discrepancies in the evidence, and consider implications for the future management of diabetes mellitus.

糖尿病的传统并发症是众所周知的，并且继续给数百万糖尿病患者带来相当大的负担。然而，随着糖尿病管理的进步以及预期寿命的延长，出现了一组不同的鲜为人知的糖尿病并发症的证据。随着血管疾病死亡率的下降（曾经占糖​​尿病患者死亡人数的 50% 以上），癌症和痴呆现在已成为一些国家或地区糖尿病患者死亡的主要原因。此外，研究表明糖尿病与广泛的合并症之间存在显着联系，包括认知能力下降、功能障碍、情感障碍、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和肝病，并加深了我们对糖尿病和感染之间关系的理解。然而，目前还没有发表的评论综合这些证据来深入讨论这些新出现的并发症的负担和风险。本综述总结了有关 1 型和 2 型糖尿病新发并发症的系统评价和主要队列研究的信息，以识别和量化相关性，突出证据中的差距和差异，并考虑对未来糖尿病管理的影响。目前没有已发表的评论综合这些证据来深入讨论这些新出现的并发症的负担和风险。本综述总结了有关 1 型和 2 型糖尿病新发并发症的系统评价和主要队列研究的信息，以识别和量化相关性，突出证据中的差距和差异，并考虑对未来糖尿病管理的影响。目前没有已发表的评论综合这些证据来深入讨论这些新出现的并发症的负担和风险。本综述总结了有关 1 型和 2 型糖尿病新发并发症的系统评价和主要队列研究的信息，以识别和量化相关性，突出证据中的差距和差异，并考虑对未来糖尿病管理的影响。