Contrary to Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, near-surface atmospheric turbulence depends not only on local motions but also on larger-scale motions associated with the full atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), where they themselves evolve in character with thermal stratification. After reviewing our current knowledge of ABL motions, we present wavelet velocity and air temperature spectra for both eddy-surface-layer (ESL) flows above rough surfaces and roughness-sublayer (RSL) flows above vegetation canopies, both flows characterizing turbulence over two scales of land roughness. Spectra are extended to the production scale to identify the influence of ABL-scale motions following the thermal stratification. Contrary to turbulence in the ESL, RSL turbulence appears weakly enhanced by ABL-scale motions in near-neutral regimes. With increasing influence of buoyancy, ABL-scale motions play a larger role in ESL and RSL flows, dominating the locally produced turbulence in free convection, while acting to decouple local from the large-scale motions in the stable regime. The behaviour of ESL and RSL spectra with stability variations support the view of, (1) canopy-scale eddies dominating the canopy turbulence over the larger ABL-scale motions in windy conditions, (2) ABL-scale motions known as very-large-scale motions (VLSMs) influencing the ESL horizontal velocity turbulence in windy conditions, and (3) the progressive transitioning of ABL-scale motions from VLSMs to thermals with instability in ESL flows. The direct contribution of ABL-scale motions to near-surface momentum and heat turbulent fluxes appears small. Finally, near-surface velocity spectra are well-approximated as a linear superposition of individual spectra associated to the main eddies populating the flow.

与 Monin-Obukhov 相似理论相反，近地表大气湍流不仅取决于局部运动，还取决于与完整大气边界层 (ABL) 相关的更大规模运动，它们本身随着热分层而演变。在回顾了我们目前对 ABL 运动的了解之后，我们提出了粗糙表面上方的涡流表面层 (ESL) 流和植被冠层上方的粗糙层 (RSL) 流的小波速度和气温谱，这两种流动都表征了两个尺度上的湍流的土地粗糙度。将光谱扩展到生产规模，以识别热分层后 ABL 规模运动的影响。与 ESL 中的湍流相反，RSL 湍流似乎被近中性状态下的 ABL 尺度运动弱增强。随着浮力的影响越来越大，ABL 尺度运动在 ESL 和 RSL 流动中发挥着更大的作用，在自由对流中主导局部产生的湍流，同时起到将局部与稳定状态下的大尺度运动脱钩的作用。具有稳定性变化的 ESL 和 RSL 光谱的行为支持以下观点，(1) 在有风条件下，在较大的 ABL 尺度运动中，冠层尺度的涡流支配冠层湍流，(2) 被称为超大尺度运动的 ABL 尺度运动在有风条件下影响 ESL 水平速度湍流的尺度运动 (VLSM)，以及 (3) ABL 尺度运动从 VLSM 逐渐过渡到具有 ESL 流动不稳定的热气流。ABL 尺度运动对近地表动量和热湍流通量的直接贡献似乎很小。最后，