Abstract

Nonstoichiometric minerals form during the leaching of chalcocite; they form the following sequential row between chalcocite and covellite: djurleite (Cu_1.93–1.96S), roxbyite (Cu_1.72–1.82S), digenite (Cu_1.75–1.78S), anilite (Cu_1.75S), geerite (Cu_1.5–1.6S), spionkopite (Cu_1.4S), and yarrowite (Cu_1.1S). A hypothesis that the oxidation of chalcocite (Cu₂S) ends in villamaninite (CuS₂) rather than covellite (CuS) has been put forward and substantiated. The formation of various copper sulfides during the oxidation of chalcocite is related to the fact that copper has a variable valence and sulfur can be in them in both mono- and disulfide form. A scientific substantiation and chemical reactions are proposed for the formation of elemental orthorhombic sulfur at the last stage of chalcocite leaching, and the possibility of appearance of its other allotropes is shown. When chalcocite and other sulfides are leached below the melting temperature of sulfur (low-temperature regime), cyclic sulfur molecules, which are essentially liquid (molten) sulfur, form. During leaching, sulfate ions and elemental sulfur do not precipitate in two independent processes: they form in one way through the formation of polysulfides, which are transitional phases to molecular sulfur.

中文翻译：

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辉铜氧化浸出过程中元素硫的形成

摘要

在辉铜矿浸出过程中形成非化学计量矿物；它们在辉铜矿和铜蓝之间形成以下顺序排列：红铅矿 (Cu _1.93–1.96 S)、菱锰矿 (Cu _1.72–1.82 S)、闪锌矿 (Cu _1.75–1.78 S)、苯尼石 (Cu _1.75 S)、白云母 (Cu _{1.5– 1.6} S)、spionkopite (Cu _1.4 S) 和 yarrowite (Cu _1.1 S)。_{辉铜矿 (Cu 2} S) 的氧化以维拉曼尼石 (CuS ₂ ) 结束的假设) 而不是铜蓝 (CuS) 已被提出并得到证实。辉铜氧化过程中各种硫化铜的形成与铜具有可变化合价和硫可以以单硫化物和二硫化物形式存在于其中的事实有关。提出了辉铜矿浸出最后阶段形成单质斜方晶硫的科学依据和化学反应，并表明了其其他同素异形体出现的可能性。当辉铜矿和其他硫化物在硫的熔化温度（低温状态）以下浸出时，就会形成环状硫分子，它们基本上是液态（熔融）硫。在浸出过程中，硫酸根离子和元素硫不会在两个独立的过程中沉淀：它们通过形成多硫化物以一种方式形成，