In this study, the immobilization of anaerobic sludge in sodium alginate (SA) with polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles (NPs) was performed for producing biohydrogen from dairy wastewater (DWW). The effect of PANI on immobilization in SA was investigated at different PANI concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg L⁻¹). DWW, PANI NPs, and immobilized beads were characterized through physicochemical analysis, surface area, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the immobilization of anaerobic sludge in SA with PANI NPs enhanced the degradation of organic matter in DWW into volatile fatty acids and biohydrogen yield. There is a direct relationship between PANI NPs concentration in SA, degradation in DWW, and bio-hydrogen production. The degradation of organic matter in terms of chemical oxygen demand reached 75.5% at the optimum dose of PANI NPs (40 mg L⁻¹), which confirmed the high reactivity of PANI NPs with SA compared with the control sample. In addition, at 40 mg L⁻¹ PANI NPs concentration, the maximum hydrogen yield were 54.5 mL g⁻¹ VS from anaerobic fermentation was obtained with a 285% increase compared with the fermentation without using any PANI. The SEM image of beads before and after treatment indicated that the addition of PANI NPs up to 40 mg L⁻¹ enhanced the production of bio-hydrogen yield through SA in a regular pattern, whereas increasing the concentration to 80 mg L⁻¹ resulted in shrinking of SA surface and consequently decreased the biohydrogen yield.

在这项研究中，用聚苯胺 (PANI) 纳米粒子 (NPs) 将海藻酸钠 (SA) 中的厌氧污泥固定化，以从乳制品废水 (DWW) 中生产生物氢。在不同的 PANI 浓度（5、10、20、40 和 80 mg L ^-1）。通过物理化学分析、表面积、X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 对 DWW、PANI NP 和固定珠进行了表征。结果表明，用 PANI NPs 固定 SA 中的厌氧污泥可增强 DWW 中有机物降解为挥发性脂肪酸和生物氢产量。SA 中的 PANI NPs 浓度、DWW 中的降解和生物制氢之间存在直接关系。^{在 PANI NPs (40 mg L -1} )的最佳剂量下，有机物的化学需氧量降解达到 75.5% ，这证实了与对照样品相比， PANI NPs 与 SA 的高反应性。此外，在 40 mg L ^-1 PANI NPs 浓度下，最大氢气产量为 54.5 mL g ^-1 与不使用任何聚苯胺的发酵相比，厌氧发酵的 VS 增加了 285%。处理前后珠子的 SEM 图像表明，添加高达 40 mg L ^-1的 PANI NPs 以规则的方式通过 SA 提高生物氢产量，而将浓度增加到 80 mg L ^-1导致SA表面的收缩，从而降低了生物氢的产量。