Background:

Glutamic acid, an amino acid that exhibits umami taste, is utilized in Japanese food and is abundant in human milk. We examined the influence of maternal habitual eating behavior on glutamic acid concentration in human milk.

Research Aim:

To determine the association between maternal dietary behaviors at the end of pregnancy and the 1st month postpartum and glutamic acid concentration in colostrum and mature milk.

Method:

This was a prospective, correlational, one-group longitudinal study. Women aged 20–30 years during the third trimester of pregnancy (N = 30) consented to participate and completed the data collection. Dietary history questionnaires were used to measure food intake. Glutamic acid levels in whey from colostrum and mature milk and in plasma during late pregnancy and the first month postpartum were measured. Data were considered significant at p < .05. Basic statistics, correlation coefficients analysis, unpaired t test, and one-way analysis of variance were performed.

Results:

Glutamic acid concentrations in human milk and plasma were found to be significantly associated with the consumption of several different foods. There was no association between glutamic acid concentrations in human milk and plasma or between glutamic acid concentrations in colostrum and mature milk. The glutamic acid content of mature milk differed by physical activity level (mild and moderate) during the first month postpartum (t [46] = 2.87, p < .01).

Conclusion:

There was no clear association between habitual dietary behavior and glutamic acid concentration in human milk. However, maternal factors other than diet may be important and require additional research.

中文翻译：

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习惯性饮食行为与母乳中谷氨酸水平之间的关联

背景：

谷氨酸是一种呈现鲜味的氨基酸，被用于日本食品，并且在母乳中含量丰富。我们检查了母亲习惯性饮食行为对母乳中谷氨酸浓度的影响。

研究目的：

确定母亲在妊娠末期和产后第 1 个月的饮食行为与初乳和成熟乳中谷氨酸浓度之间的关联。

方法：

这是一项前瞻性、相关性、单组纵向研究。妊娠晚期 20-30 岁的妇女（N = 30）同意参与并完成数据收集。饮食史问卷用于测量食物摄入量。测量了妊娠晚期和产后第一个月初乳和成熟乳中的乳清以及血浆中的谷氨酸水平。当p < .05时，数据被认为是显着的。进行了基本统计、相关系数分析、非配对t检验和单因素方差分析。

结果：

研究发现，母乳和血浆中的谷氨酸浓度与食用几种不同食物显着相关。母乳和血浆中的谷氨酸浓度之间或初乳和成熟乳中的谷氨酸浓度之间没有关联。在产后第一个月，成熟乳的谷氨酸含量因体力活动水平（轻度和中度）而异（t [46] = 2.87，p < .01）。

结论：

习惯性饮食行为与母乳中的谷氨酸浓度之间没有明确关联。然而，饮食以外的母体因素可能很重要，需要进一步研究。