In eastern Germany, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, historic policies led to large, monocropped agricultural landscapes resulting in degradation of traditional landscapes. In the last 20 years, the expansion of urban and industrial areas has added to this degradation. The growing interest in nature-based solutions, including water-retention measures, is a response to reversing landscape degradation, rejuvenating ecosystem services, and mitigating the impacts of large-scale commercial agriculture and climate change. In this study, the costs and benefits of water-retention measures in eastern Germany, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia are assessed. Results indicate that water-retention measures offer increased water availability over all land use classes assessed, help increase crop productivity, and aid in landscape cooling. Croplands are suggested as being the best value for money, offering the greatest volume potentials (mean = 88 million m³), cooling effects (mean = −1.6°C), and productivity gains (mean = €66 million yr⁻¹), while also being the cheapest to implement per unit area. Differing policies in the three states will likely result in non-uniform selection or implementation of measures. Future work should focus on local-level studies offering greater practical messages beyond the regional-level analysis conducted here. This work contributes to the growing body of literature assessing the costs and benefits of water-retention measures, including the potential for landscape cooling, lowering temperature gradients, and ecosystem restoration. As the world urbanises, and as more land is converted to homogeneous cropland, such measures may prove critical in mitigating climate change, landscape drying, flood runoff, and soil and nutrient loss.

中文翻译：

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在德国东部、捷克共和国和斯洛伐克，基于景观的保水措施作为减轻气候影响的基于自然的解决方案的成本和收益

在德国东部、捷克共和国和斯洛伐克，历史性政策导致大面积的单一种植农业景观导致传统景观退化。在过去的 20 年中，城市和工业区的扩张加剧了这种退化。对包括保水措施在内的基于自然的解决方案越来越感兴趣，这是对扭转景观退化、恢复生态系统服务以及减轻大规模商业农业和气候变化影响的一种回应。在这项研究中，评估了德国东部、捷克共和国和斯洛伐克的保水措施的成本和收益。结果表明，在所有评估的土地利用类别中，保水措施增加了水的可用性，有助于提高作物生产力，并有助于景观降温。³）、冷却效果（平均值 = -1.6°C）和生产力提升（平均值 = 6600 万欧元年^-1)，同时也是每单位面积实施成本最低的。三个州的不同政策可能会导致措施的选择或执行不统一。未来的工作应侧重于地方层面的研究，提供比这里进行的区域层面分析更多的实用信息。这项工作有助于越来越多的文献评估保水措施的成本和收益，包括景观降温、降低温度梯度和生态系统恢复的潜力。随着世界城市化，随着越来越多的土地转变为均质农田，这些措施可能对缓解气候变化、景观干燥、洪水径流以及土壤和养分流失至关重要。