By discussing the experiences of Hungary and Poland, this article aims to demonstrate that there are three layers of the rule of law which are relevant for EU competition law. The first one is external: it relates to the legal system of EU Member States of which competition law is a part. In national legal systems, rule of law safeguards need to be put in place in order to provide an adequate legal environment for the competition law system to perform its role. The second one is internal: it concerns rule of law safeguards in relation to the Member States' competition authorities, in particular their independence. The third one is consequential: the weakening of the rule of law within the external and internal layers affects the proper functioning of the competition law system. As a result, the effectiveness of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU is endangered, and a vicious circle of mutually reinforcing competition law and rule of law crises unfolds.

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法治与欧盟竞争法的双螺旋：评估

本文通过讨论匈牙利和波兰的经验，旨在论证与欧盟竞争法相关的法治的三个层次。第一个是外部的：它涉及欧盟成员国的法律体系，竞争法是其中的一部分。在国家法律体系中，需要建立法治保障，为竞争法体系发挥作用提供充分的法律环境。第二个是内部的：它涉及与成员国竞争主管机构有关的法治保障，特别是它们的独立性。第三个是后果性的：内外法治的弱化影响了竞争法体系的正常运行。因此，