Abstract

According to the estimates made in this paper, neither hydropower and nuclear power engineering nor, the more so, other renewable power sources are capable in principle to ensure the commercial hydrogen production volumes required for noticeable reduction of the global carbon dioxide emission. Before mastering the thermonuclear synthesis energy, only the conversion of hydrocarbons can be the real source of hydrogen for commercial power generation. Therefore, making these processes more efficient is the best way to reduce the carbon footprint of the power generation. It should also be noted that hydrogen as a power carrier has serious drawbacks, the main of which is the low volumetric energy content. Transportation and storage of hydrogen, compared to natural gas, are considerably more money- and power-consuming. The most feasible way to overcome the yet unsolved problems of hydrogen storage and transportation is to set up decentralized low-tonnage production of hydrogen directly on the consumption sites. Such technologies have been already developed in Russia, and active efforts should be made to implement them.

中文翻译：

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氢能：意义、来源、问题和前景（综述）

摘要

根据本文的估计，无论是水电和核电工程，还是其他可再生能源，原则上都无法确保显着减少全球二氧化碳排放所需的商业氢气产量。在掌握热核合成能之前，只有碳氢化合物的转化才能成为商业发电的真正氢源。因此，提高这些过程的效率是减少发电碳足迹的最佳方式。还应该指出的是，氢作为动力载体存在严重的缺点，主要是体积能量含量低。与天然气相比，氢气的运输和储存要耗费更多的金钱和电力。解决目前尚未解决的氢气储运问题，最可行的方法是直接在消费现场建立分散的小吨位氢气生产。俄罗斯已经开发了此类技术，应积极努力实施。