Background

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising stem cells for the treatment of multiple inflammatory and immune diseases due to their easy acquisition and potent immuno-regulatory capacities. These immune functions mainly depend on the MSC secretion of soluble factors. Recent studies have shown that the metabolism of MSCs plays critical roles in immunomodulation, which not only provides energy and building blocks for macromolecule synthesis but is also involved in the signaling pathway regulation.

Aim of Review

A thorough understanding of metabolic regulation in MSC immunomodulatory properties can provide new sights to the enhancement of MSC-based therapy.

Key scientific Concepts of Review

MSC immune regulation can be affected by cellular metabolism (glucose, adenosine triphosphate, lipid and amino acid metabolism), which further mediates MSC therapy efficiency in inflammatory and immune diseases. The enhancement of glycolysis of MSCs, such as signaling molecule activation, inflammatory cytokines priming, or environmental control can promote MSC immune functions and therapeutic potential. Besides glucose metabolism, inflammatory stimuli also alter the lipid molecular profile of MSCs, but the direct link with immunomodulatory properties remains to be further explored. Arginine metabolism, glutamine-glutamate metabolism and tryptophan-kynurenine via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) metabolism all contribute to the immune regulation of MSCs. In addition to the metabolism dictating the MSC immune functions, MSCs also influence the metabolism of immune cells and thus determine their behaviors. However, more direct evidence of the metabolism in MSC immune abilities as well as the underlying mechanism requires to be uncovered.

中文翻译：

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间充质基质/干细胞的免疫调节特性：与新陈代谢的联系

背景

间充质基质/干细胞 (MSC) 是最有希望用于治疗多种炎症和免疫疾病的干细胞，因为它们易于获取且具有强大的免疫调节能力。这些免疫功能主要依赖于MSC分泌的可溶性因子。最近的研究表明，MSCs 的代谢在免疫调节中起着关键作用，它不仅为大分子合成提供能量和构建块，而且还参与信号通路调节。

审查目的

透彻了解 MSC 免疫调节特性中的代谢调节可以为增强基于 MSC 的治疗提供新的视角。

综述的关键科学概念

MSC 免疫调节可受细胞代谢（葡萄糖、三磷酸腺苷、脂质和氨基酸代谢）的影响，这进一步介导了 MSC 在炎症和免疫疾病中的治疗效率。MSCs 糖酵解的增强，如信号分子激活、炎性细胞因子启动或环境控制，可以促进 MSCs 免疫功能和治疗潜力。除了葡萄糖代谢，炎症刺激也会改变 MSCs 的脂质分子谱，但与免疫调节特性的直接联系仍有待进一步探索。精氨酸代谢、谷氨酰胺-谷氨酸代谢和通过吲哚胺 2,3-双加氧酶 (IDO) 代谢的色氨酸-犬尿氨酸都有助于 MSC 的免疫调节。除了决定 MSC 免疫功能的新陈代谢外，MSC 还影响免疫细胞的新陈代谢，从而决定它们的行为。然而，需要揭示 MSC 免疫能力代谢以及潜在机制的更直接证据。