Sustainable conversion of renewable biomass into high-performance electrode materials has attracted extensive scientific and technological attention. However, to our knowledge, the potential of biomass derived carbon in biosensors and biofuel cells (BFCs) developments remains to be explored. Herein, the carbon nanorods assembled coral-like hierarchical meso-macroporous carbon (CN-CHMC) was synthesized as a sustainable electrode material to construct biosensor and lactate/air BFC. The CN-CHMC from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) possesses porous structure and plentiful defects, which not only facilitate the effective immobilization of enzymes but also accelerate electron transfer on the bioelectrode surfaces. As an electrochemical lactate biosensor, the CN-CHMC-based biosensor exhibits a wider linear range with lower detection limit (3.6 μM) and higher sensitivities (57.18 and 30.99 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²) compared to carbon nanotube (CNT)-based biosensor. The feasibility of CN-CHMC-based biosensor in practical analysis is demonstrated by detecting lactate contents in real samples. By coupling with bilirubin oxidase-based biocathode, the lactate/air BFC equipped with CN-CHMC reveals a higher output power (112.7 μW cm⁻²) than that of CNT-based BFC. More interestingly, the lactate/air BFC demonstrates the ability to harvest energy from multi-component samples. The application of CN-CHMC may provide a new avenue to synthesize electrode materials with economical cost and excellent electrochemical activity.

将可再生生物质可持续转化为高性能电极材料已引起广泛的科技关注。然而，据我们所知，生物质衍生碳在生物传感器和生物燃料电池 (BFC) 开发中的潜力仍有待探索。在此，合成了碳纳米棒组装的珊瑚状分级中大孔碳（CN-CHMC）作为可持续的电极材料，用于构建生物传感器和乳酸/空气 BFC。黄瓜的 CN-CHMC ( Cucumis sativus )) 具有多孔结构和丰富的缺陷，不仅有利于酶的有效固定，还可以加速生物电极表面的电子转移。作为一种电化学乳酸生物传感器，与基于碳纳米管 (CNT) 的生物传感器相比，基于 CN-CHMC 的生物传感器具有更宽的线性范围、更低的检测限 (3.6 μM) 和更高的灵敏度（57.18 和 30.99 μA mM ^-1  cm ^-2 ）生物传感器。通过检测实际样品中的乳酸含量，证明了基于 CN-CHMC 的生物传感器在实际分析中的可行性。通过与基于胆红素氧化酶的生物阴极偶联，配备 CN-CHMC 的乳酸/空气 BFC 显示出更高的输出功率（112.7 μW cm ^-2) 优于基于 CNT 的 BFC。更有趣的是，乳酸/空气 BFC 展示了从多组分样品中获取能量的能力。CN-CHMC的应用可能为合成具有经济成本和优异电化学活性的电极材料提供新的途径。