Water pollution has always been one of the main reasons for the water shortage issue. At present, various inorganic and emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) are the main environmental pollutants in water. How to effectively remove these contaminants is a critical issue for water recycling. Metal–organic framework (MOF) is a new type of porous material with the characteristics of large specific surface area and high controllability, and it can selectively remove various pollutants in water, thus showing an excellent application prospect in the field of water treatment. This paper summarizes the underlying adsorption and catalytic degradation mechanisms of inorganic contaminants (IOCs) and EOCs in water by MOFs, and discusses the best performing three-dimensional (3D)-MOFs and MOFs-based composites that have been tested to date for IOCs and EOCs elimination. Details of each framework and its properties are also included. Finally, the challenges encountered in the design and production of MOF-type materials as well as in their application in water remediation are summarized, and the future prospects are put forward for their expected industrial implement.

水污染一直是造成水资源短缺问题的主要原因之一。目前，各种无机和新兴有机污染物（EOCs）是水体中的主要环境污染物。如何有效去除这些污染物是水循环利用的关键问题。金属–有机骨架（MOF）是一种新型多孔材料，具有比表面积大、可控性高等特点，可选择性去除水中的多种污染物，在水处理领域展现出极好的应用前景。本文总结了 MOFs 对水中无机污染物 (IOCs) 和 EOCs 的潜在吸附和催化降解机制，并讨论了迄今为止针对 IOCs 和EOCs 消除。还包括每个框架及其属性的详细信息。最后总结了MOF类材料的设计、生产及其在水体修复中的应用所面临的挑战，