Since their initial development, semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) and metal nanoparticles (NPs) have become widely utilized in a variety of applications, including solar energy harvesting, lighting, catalysis, biomedical imaging, and targeted cancer treatments. Because of their reduced dimensionality, NCs and NPs have vastly different optical and electronic properties than their bulk counterparts, and the properties often depend heavily on the NC or NP surface. Surface defects and ligands alter the optoelectronic properties of NCs and NPs and affect their interaction with the environment, allowing tailoring of their properties without changing the overall chemical composition. In this review, we discuss research progress focusing on optoelectronic properties of NPs and NCs and their respective applications. We highlight how different surface treatments and ligand functionalization of nanomaterials can influence these applications.

自最初开发以来，半导体纳米晶体 (NCs) 和金属纳米颗粒 (NPs) 已广泛应用于各种应用，包括太阳能收集、照明、催化、生物医学成像和靶向癌症治疗。由于它们的维数降低，NC 和 NP 的光学和电子特性与其块状对应物相比有很大不同，并且这些特性通常在很大程度上取决于 NC 或 NP 表面。表面缺陷和配体会改变 NC 和 NP 的光电特性，并影响它们与环境的相互作用，从而可以在不改变整体化学成分的情况下调整它们的特性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了重点关注 NPs 和 NCs 的光电特性及其各自应用的研究进展。