Sweat is a biofluid with rich information that can reflect an individual’s state of health or activity. But the real-time in situ sweat sensors lack the ability of long-term monitoring. Against this background, this article provides a holistic review on the necessary process and methods for sweat sensing, including sweat collection, composition analysis, energy supply, and data processing. The impacts of the environment in stimulating sweat production, providing energy supply, and intelligent health monitoring are discussed. Based on the review of previous endeavors, the future development in material, structure and artificial intelligence application of long-term sweat monitoring is envisioned.

汗液是一种生物流体，具有丰富的信息，可以反映个人的健康或活动状态。但实时原位汗液传感器缺乏长期监测能力。在此背景下，本文对汗液传感的必要过程和方法进行了全面回顾，包括汗液收集、成分分析、能量供应和数据处理。讨论了环境在刺激汗液产生、提供能量供应和智能健康监测方面的影响。在回顾前人努力的基础上，展望了长期汗液监测在材料、结构和人工智能应用方面的未来发展。