Ultrasensitive multimodal physicochemical sensing for autonomous robotic decision-making has numerous applications in agriculture, security, environmental protection, and public health. Previously reported robotic sensing technologies have primarily focused on monitoring physical parameters such as pressure and temperature. Integrating chemical sensors for autonomous dry-phase analyte detection on a robotic platform is rather extremely challenging and substantially underdeveloped. Here, we introduce an artificial intelligence–powered multimodal robotic sensing system (M-Bot) with an all-printed mass-producible soft electronic skin–based human-machine interface. A scalable inkjet printing technology with custom-developed nanomaterial inks was used to manufacture flexible physicochemical sensor arrays for electrophysiology recording, tactile perception, and robotic sensing of a wide range of hazardous materials including nitroaromatic explosives, pesticides, nerve agents, and infectious pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. The M-Bot decodes the surface electromyography signals collected from the human body through machine learning algorithms for remote robotic control and can perform in situ threat compound detection in extreme or contaminated environments with user-interactive tactile and threat alarm feedback. The printed electronic skin–based robotic sensing technology can be further generalized and applied to other remote sensing platforms. Such diversity was validated on an intelligent multimodal robotic boat platform that can efficiently track the source of trace amounts of hazardous compounds through autonomous and intelligent decision-making algorithms. This fully printed human-machine interactive multimodal sensing technology could play a crucial role in designing future intelligent robotic systems and can be easily reconfigured toward numerous practical wearable and robotic applications.

中文翻译：

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用于机器人理化传感的全印刷软人机界面

用于自主机器人决策的超灵敏多模态物理化学传感在农业、安全、环境保护和公共卫生等领域有着广泛的应用。先前报道的机器人传感技术主要集中在监测压力和温度等物理参数。在机器人平台上集成用于自主干相分析物检测的化学传感器是相当具有挑战性的，而且还远远不够开发。在这里，我们介绍了一种人工智能驱动的多模式机器人传感系统 (M-Bot)，该系统具有全印刷、可大规模生产的基于软电子皮肤的人机界面。一种可扩展的喷墨打印技术与定制开发的纳米材料墨水被用于制造用于电生理学记录的柔性物理化学传感器阵列，对各种危险物质的触觉感知和机器人感应，包括硝基芳烃炸药、杀虫剂、神经毒剂和传染性病原体（如 SARS-CoV-2）。M-Bot 通过机器学习算法对从人体收集的表面肌电信号进行解码，实现远程机器人控制，并可在极端或污染环境中通过用户交互式触觉和威胁警报反馈进行原位威胁复合检测。基于印刷电子皮肤的机器人传感技术可以进一步推广并应用于其他遥感平台。这种多样性在智能多模式机器人船平台上得到验证，该平台可以通过自主和智能决策算法有效跟踪微量有害化合物的来源。