The use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture produces significant quantities of nitrogenous gases including ammonia, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. Through better farmland management practices, the emission of nitrogenous gases can be reduced while realizing clean water environment and climate-smart agriculture. In this article, we first provided an overview of the international movements on reducing nitrogenous gas emissions from farmlands. Then, we summarized the effect of agricultural management practices on nitrogen use efficiency for various crops, and evaluated their effect on nitrogenous gas emissions. The results indicated the importance of implementing site-specific sustainable management practices to enhance nitrogen use efficiency, and thus mitigate nitrogenous gas emissions. We also addressed the impact of agricultural activities on cropland nitrogen cycles, and highlighted the need to perform systematic trade-off evaluations with a well-defined scope to maximize environmental benefits and maintain ecosystem services. Lastly, we proposed three priority directions by moving toward a low-emission agriculture.

在农业中使用氮肥会产生大量的含氮气体，包括氨、一氧化氮和一氧化二氮。通过更好的农田管理实践，可以在实现清洁水环境和气候智能型农业的同时减少含氮气体的排放。在本文中，我们首先概述了减少农田氮气排放的国际运动。然后，我们总结了农业管理实践对各种作物氮利用效率的影响，并评估了它们对氮气体排放的影响。结果表明实施特定地点的可持续管理实践以提高氮利用效率并因此减少含氮气体排放的重要性。我们还讨论了农业活动对农田氮循环的影响，并强调需要在明确的范围内进行系统的权衡评估，以最大限度地提高环境效益并维持生态系统服务。最后，我们提出了向低排放农业迈进的三个优先方向。