Response inhibition is a primary executive control function that allows the withholding of inappropriate responses, and requires appropriate perception of the external environment to achieve a behavioral goal. It remains unclear, however, how response inhibition is achieved when goal-relevant information involves perceptual uncertainty. Twenty-six human participants of both sexes performed a go/no-go task where visually presented random-dot motion stimuli involved perceptual uncertainties. The right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) was involved in response inhibition, and the middle temporal (MT) region showed greater activity when dot motions involved less uncertainty. A neocortical temporal region in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) specifically showed greater activity during response inhibition in more perceptually certain trials. In this STS region, activity was greater when response inhibition was successful than when it failed. Directional effective connectivity analysis revealed that, in more coherent trials, the MT and STS regions showed enhanced connectivity to the rIFC, whereas in less coherent trials, the signal direction was reversed. These results suggest that a reversible fronto-temporal functional network guides response inhibition and perceptual decision-making under perceptual uncertainty, and in this network, perceptual information in the MT is converted to control information in the rIFC via STS, enabling achievement of response inhibition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Response inhibition refers to withholding inappropriate behavior and is important for achieving goals. Often, however, decision must be made based on limited environmental evidence. We showed that successful response inhibition is guided by a neocortical temporal region that plays a hub role in converting perceived information coded in a posterior temporal region to control information coded in the PFC. Interestingly, when a perceived stimulus becomes more uncertain, the PFC supplements stimulus encoding in the temporal regions. Our results highlight fronto-temporal mechanisms of response inhibition in which conversion of stimulus-control information is regulated based on the uncertainty of environmental evidence.

反应抑制是一种主要的执行控制功能，它允许抑制不适当的反应，并需要对外部环境进行适当的感知以实现行为目标。然而，目前尚不清楚当目标相关信息涉及知觉不确定性时，反应抑制是如何实现的。26 名男女参与者执行了一项通过/不通过任务，其中视觉呈现的随机点运动刺激涉及感知不确定性。右下额叶皮层 (rIFC) 参与反应抑制，当点运动涉及较少的不确定性时，中颞 (MT) 区域表现出更大的活动。颞上沟 (STS) 中的新皮质颞区在更感知某些试验中的反应抑制期间特别表现出更大的活动。在此 STS 区域中，反应抑制成功时的活性高于失败时的活性。定向有效连通性分析显示，在更连贯的试验中，MT 和 STS 区域显示与 rIFC 的连通性增强，而在不太连贯的试验中，信号方向是相反的。这些结果表明，一个可逆的额颞功能网络在知觉不确定性下指导反应抑制和知觉决策，在这个网络中，MT 中的知觉信息通过 STS 转换为 rIFC 中的控制信息，从而实现反应抑制。MT 和 STS 区域显示与 rIFC 的连接增强，而在不太连贯的试验中，信号方向是相反的。这些结果表明，一个可逆的额颞功能网络在知觉不确定性下指导反应抑制和知觉决策，在这个网络中，MT 中的知觉信息通过 STS 转换为 rIFC 中的控制信息，从而实现反应抑制。MT 和 STS 区域显示与 rIFC 的连接增强，而在不太连贯的试验中，信号方向是相反的。这些结果表明，一个可逆的额颞功能网络在知觉不确定性下指导反应抑制和知觉决策，在这个网络中，MT 中的知觉信息通过 STS 转换为 rIFC 中的控制信息，从而实现反应抑制。

意义声明反应抑制是指抑制不当行为，对于实现目标很重要。然而，通常必须根据有限的环境证据做出决定。我们表明，成功的反应抑制是由新皮质颞区引导的，该颞区在将后颞区编码的感知信息转换为控制 PFC 编码的信息方面起着枢纽作用。有趣的是，当感知到的刺激变得更加不确定时，PFC 会补充颞区的刺激编码。我们的结果突出了反应抑制的额时机制，其中刺激控制信息的转换是根据环境证据的不确定性进行调节的。