Full electroluminescence (EL) white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) are currently a focus of research in the development of white light sources, owing to their outstanding potentiality and advantages in energy saving. The achievement of EL white emission always involves balanced co-excitation of multi-color emissive centers (red/green/blue (R/G/B) or blue/orange (B/O)). However, R/G/B/O emitters have different bandgaps, making co-excitation extremely difficult. It is known that excitons formed in a wide-bandgap emitter are easily transferred to any narrow-bandgap emitter. Therefore, the regulation of the energy distribution among multi-color emissive centers is one of the key issues for the realization of white emission and improvement of EL performances and color quality/stability of WLEDs. Currently, many energy regulation strategies have been proposed, promoting the development of full EL-WLEDs. In this Focus Review, we discuss energy-transfer mechanisms and energy regulation strategies in various of WLEDs, including white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs), white quantum-dots light-emitting diodes (WQLEDs), and white perovskite light-emitting diodes (WPeLEDs). Finally, according to their status and challenges, we will offer an outlook, which we hope can inspire researchers and make a contribution to the developments of lighting, display fields, etc.

中文翻译：

---

白光发光二极管中的能量调节

全电致发光（EL）白光发光二极管（WLED）由于其在节能方面的突出潜力和优势，是目前白光源发展的研究热点。EL 白色发射的实现总是涉及多色发射中心（红/绿/蓝 (R/G/B) 或蓝/橙 (B/O)）的平衡共激发。然而，R/G/B/O 发射器具有不同的带隙，使得共激发极其困难。众所周知，在宽带隙发射器中形成的激子很容易转移到任何窄带隙发射器。因此，多色发光中心之间能量分布的调控是实现白光发射以及提高白光LED的EL性能和颜色质量/稳定性的关键问题之一。目前，已经提出了许多能量调节策略，促进了全EL-WLED的发展。在本次焦点回顾中，我们讨论了各种 WLED 中的能量转移机制和能量调节策略，包括白色有机发光二极管 (WOLED)、白色量子点发光二极管 (WQLED) 和白色钙钛矿发光二极管（WPeLED）。最后，根据他们的现状和面临的挑战，提出展望，希望能给研究人员带来启发，为照明、显示等领域的发展做出贡献。和白色钙钛矿发光二极管（WPeLED）。最后，根据他们的现状和面临的挑战，提出展望，希望能给研究人员带来启发，为照明、显示等领域的发展做出贡献。和白色钙钛矿发光二极管（WPeLED）。最后，根据他们的现状和面临的挑战，提出展望，希望能给研究人员带来启发，为照明、显示等领域的发展做出贡献。