Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts on multiple cell lineages, including dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils and innate lymphoid cells, affecting their maturation, survival and recruitment. It is best known for its role in promoting type 2 immune responses such as in allergic diseases and, in 2021, a monoclonal antibody targeting TSLP was approved for the treatment of severe asthma. However, it is now clear that TSLP has many other important roles in a variety of settings. Indeed, several genetic variants for TSLP are linked to disease severity, and chromosomal alterations in TSLP are common in certain cancers, indicating important roles of TSLP in disease. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in TSLP biology, highlighting how it regulates the tissue environment not only in allergic disease but also in infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Encouragingly, therapies targeting the TSLP pathway are being actively pursued for several diseases.

胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素 (TSLP) 是一种多效性细胞因子，作用于多种细胞谱系，包括树突细胞、T 细胞、B 细胞、中性粒细胞、肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和先天性淋巴样细胞，影响它们的成熟、存活和募集。它以促进 2 型免疫反应（如过敏性疾病）中的作用而闻名，并且在 2021 年，一种靶向 TSLP 的单克隆抗体被批准用于治疗严重哮喘。然而，现在很明显，TSLP 在各种环境中扮演着许多其他重要角色。事实上， TSLP的几种遗传变异与疾病严重程度和TSLP的染色体改变有关在某些癌症中很常见，表明 TSLP 在疾病中的重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 TSLP 生物学的最新进展，强调它如何调节组织环境，不仅在过敏性疾病中，而且在传染病、炎症性疾病和癌症中。令人鼓舞的是，针对 TSLP 通路的疗法正在积极针对多种疾病进行研究。