Commons governance theory is central to identifying and managing conflicts arising from natural and cultural resources traps. Scholars – using game theory and economic analysis of law – have proposed alternative models, consisting of a set of mitigated scenarios, multiple players, and new equilibria in commons governance. Likewise, novel legal innovations of the commons have also been designed. Reinterpreting the commons in light of political economy, ecology, and pluralistic approaches, a critical review of existing scholarship, economic analysis of law, and case study investigations are performed. Examining an array of views – including governance of water in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Italy – a research and policy agenda is put forward to offer original interpretations and novel holistic perspectives. Germane environmental policy implications deriving from SDGs, resilient governance, and polycentric perspectives are thus extrapolated. Finally, pluralistic frameworks drafted by mitigation and adaptation are measured by improved sustainable development performance in commons, resource, and water governance.

公共治理理论对于识别和管理由自然和文​​化资源陷阱引起的冲突至关重要。学者们——利用博弈论和法律经济分析——提出了替代模型，包括一组缓解情景、多个参与者和公共治理中的新均衡。同样，还设计了新的公地法律创新。根据政治经济学、生态学和多元方法重新解释公地，对现有学术进行批判性审查，对法律进行经济分析和案例研究调查。检查一系列观点——包括厄瓜多尔、玻利维亚和意大利的水治理——提出了一项研究和政策议程，以提供原创的解释和新颖的整体观点。因此，可以推断出源自可持续发展目标、弹性治理和多中心观点的德国环境政策影响。最后，由缓解和适应起草的多元化框架是通过改善公地、资源和水治理方面的可持续发展绩效来衡量的。