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Dislocation fracture of the femoral head in adult.
EFORT Open Reviews ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-31 , DOI: 10.1530/eor-22-0041
Philippe Chiron 1 , Nicolas Reina 1
Affiliation  

The smaller the head fragment, the more likely it is located at the bottom and in front of the femoral head, which then determines the most suitable approach. A CT scan is essential after reduction and before resumption of weight-bearing to verify the size and congruence of the fragments and whether there are foreign bodies and/or a fracture of the posterior wall. Classifications should include the size of the fragment and whether or not there is an associated fracture of the acetabulum or femoral neck (historical 'Pipkin', modernised 'Chiron'). In an emergency, the dislocation should be rectified, without completing the fracture (sciatic nerve palsy should be diagnosed before reduction). A hip prosthesis may be indicated (age or associated cervical fracture). Delayed orthopaedic treatment is sufficient if congruence is good. A displaced fragment can be resected (foreign bodies and ¼ head), reduced and osteosynthesised (⅓ and ½ head), and a posterior wall fracture reduced and osteosynthesised. Small fragments can be resected under arthroscopy. The approach is medial (Luddloff, Ferguson, Chiron) to remove or osteosynthesise ⅓ or ¼ fragments; posterior for ½ head or a fractured posterior wall. The results remain quite good in case of resection or an adequately reduced fragment. Long-term osteoarthritis is common (32%) but well tolerated with a low rate of prosthetisation. Avascular necrosis remains a possible complication (8.2%). Sciatic nerve palsy (4% of fracture dislocations) is more common for dislocations associated with posterior wall fractures.

中文翻译:

成人股骨头脱位骨折。

头部碎片越小,越有可能位于股骨头底部和前方,从而确定最合适的方法。在复位后和恢复负重之前,必须进行 CT 扫描,以验证碎片的大小和一致性,以及是否有异物和/或后壁骨折。分类应包括碎片的大小以及是否存在相关的髋臼或股骨颈骨折(历史上的“Pipkin”,现代化的“Chiron”)。在紧急情况下,应在不完全骨折的情况下矫正脱位(应在复位前诊断坐骨神经麻痹)。可能需要髋关节假体(年龄或相关的颈椎骨折)。如果一致性良好,延迟骨科治疗就足够了。移位的碎片可以被切除(异物和 1/4 头)、复位和接骨(1/3 和 1/2 头),以及后壁骨折复位和接骨。小碎片可以在关节镜下切除。该方法是内侧(Luddloff、Ferguson、Chiron)去除或接骨 ⅓ 或 ¼ 碎片;½ 头部或骨折后壁的后部。在切除或充分减少的碎片的情况下,结果仍然很好。长期骨关节炎很常见(32%),但耐受性良好,假体化率低。缺血性坏死仍然是一种可能的并发症(8.2%)。坐骨神经麻痹(占骨折脱位的 4%)更常见于与后壁骨折相关的脱位。后壁骨折复位和接骨术。小碎片可以在关节镜下切除。该方法是内侧(Luddloff、Ferguson、Chiron)去除或接骨 ⅓ 或 ¼ 碎片;½ 头部或骨折后壁的后部。在切除或充分减少的碎片的情况下,结果仍然很好。长期骨关节炎很常见(32%),但耐受性良好,假体化率低。缺血性坏死仍然是一种可能的并发症(8.2%)。坐骨神经麻痹(占骨折脱位的 4%)更常见于与后壁骨折相关的脱位。后壁骨折复位和接骨术。小碎片可以在关节镜下切除。该方法是内侧(Luddloff、Ferguson、Chiron)去除或接骨 ⅓ 或 ¼ 碎片;½ 头部或骨折后壁的后部。在切除或充分减少的碎片的情况下,结果仍然很好。长期骨关节炎很常见(32%),但耐受性良好,假体化率低。缺血性坏死仍然是一种可能的并发症(8.2%)。坐骨神经麻痹(占骨折脱位的 4%)更常见于与后壁骨折相关的脱位。½ 头部或骨折后壁的后部。在切除或充分减少的碎片的情况下,结果仍然很好。长期骨关节炎很常见(32%),但耐受性良好,假体化率低。缺血性坏死仍然是一种可能的并发症(8.2%)。坐骨神经麻痹(占骨折脱位的 4%)更常见于与后壁骨折相关的脱位。½ 头部或骨折后壁的后部。在切除或充分减少的碎片的情况下,结果仍然很好。长期骨关节炎很常见(32%),但耐受性良好,假体化率低。缺血性坏死仍然是一种可能的并发症(8.2%)。坐骨神经麻痹(占骨折脱位的 4%)更常见于与后壁骨折相关的脱位。
更新日期:2022-05-31
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