Native patellar tendon injuries are seen in younger patients compared to quadriceps tendon ruptures. Up to a third of the patients may have local (antecedent tendinopathy and cortisone injections) or systemic risk factors (obesity, diabetes, hyperparathyroidism, chronic renal failure, fluoroquinolone or statin use) of injury, these are more frequent in bilateral disruptions. Complete extensor mechanism disruptions should be repaired surgically. Although isolated primary repair has been reported to have good outcomes in younger patients with acute tears and good tendon quality, augmentation of the repair with autograft, allograft or synthetic material should be considered in patients with poor tendon quality, chronic tears or tendon defects. High rates of return to work/sports have been reported in native patellar and quadriceps tendon tears, with re-rupture rates <5%. Extensor mechanism disruptions in patients with a total knee arthroplasty are challenging due to older age, systemic co-morbidities and poor local conditions, resulting in inferior outcomes compared to native extensor mechanism injuries. Some form of augmentation with autograft, allograft or synthetics is advisable in all cases. Salvage procedures such as whole extensor mechanism allografts provide acceptable outcomes in multiply operated knees with extensive bone and soft tissue deficits.

中文翻译：

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伸肌机构破裂。

与股四头肌肌腱断裂相比，较年轻的患者可见原生髌腱损伤。多达三分之一的患者可能有局部（先前的肌腱病和可的松注射）或全身危险因素（肥胖、糖尿病、甲状旁腺功能亢进、慢性肾功能衰竭、氟喹诺酮类药物或他汀类药物使用）损伤，这些在双侧损伤中更常见。完全的伸肌机制中断应通过手术修复。尽管据报道，孤立的一期修复对患有急性撕裂和肌腱质量良好的年轻患者有良好的结果，但对于肌腱质量差、慢性撕裂或肌腱缺陷的患者，应考虑使用自体移植物、同种异体移植物或合成材料进行修复。据报道，原生髌骨和股四头肌肌腱撕裂的恢复工作/运动的高比率，再破裂率<5%。由于年龄较大、全身并发症和局部条件差，全膝关节置换术患者的伸肌机制中断具有挑战性，与原生伸肌机制损伤相比，结果较差。在所有情况下，都建议使用自体移植物、同种异体移植物或合成物进行某种形式的增强。诸如全伸肌机制同种异体移植物的抢救程序为具有广泛骨骼和软组织缺陷的多次手术膝关节提供了可接受的结果。在所有情况下都建议使用同种异体或合成材料。诸如全伸肌机制同种异体移植物的抢救程序为具有广泛骨骼和软组织缺陷的多次手术膝关节提供了可接受的结果。在所有情况下都建议使用同种异体或合成材料。诸如全伸肌机制同种异体移植物的抢救程序为具有广泛骨骼和软组织缺陷的多次手术膝关节提供了可接受的结果。