Polygenetic volcanoes and calderas produce eruptions of a wide variety of magnitudes, chemistries, and recurrence times. Understanding the interplay between long- and short-term and deep and shallow processes associated with accumulation and transfer of eruptible magma is essential for assessing the potential for future eruptions to occur and estimating their magnitude, which remains one of the foremost challenges in the Earth sciences. We review literature and use existing data for emblematic volcanic systems to identify the essential data sets required to define the state of activity of volcanoes and their plumbing systems. We explore global eruptive records in combination with heat flux and other geological and geophysical data to determine the evolutionary stage of plumbing systems. We define a Volcanic Activity Index applicable to any volcano that provides an estimate of the potential of a system to erupt in the future, which is especially important for long-quiescent volcanoes. ▪ Magmatic plumbing systems that feed volcanic activity extend across Earth's crust and are long-lived at depth and ephemeral in their shallowest portions. ▪ We revise and update the definitions of active, quiescent, and extinct volcanoes based on physical proxies for the architecture, longevity, amount, and distribution of eruptible magma in the crust. ▪ We propose a Volcanic Activity Index, which provides a relative measure of the state of activity of a volcano with respect to all other volcanoes in the world. ▪ New imaging and monitoring strategies are required to improve our ability to detect lower and middle crust magmatic processes and forecast eruptions and their potential size.

中文翻译：

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确定跨地壳岩浆系统及其火山的活动状态


多基因火山和破火山口会产生各种强度、化学成分和复发时间的喷发。了解与可喷发岩浆积累和转移相关的长期和短期、深浅过程之间的相互作用对于评估未来喷发发生的可能性并估计其强度至关重要，这仍然是地球科学中最重要的挑战之一。我们回顾文献并使用标志性火山系统的现有数据来确定定义火山及其管道系统的活动状态所需的基本数据集。我们结合热通量和其他地质和地球物理数据探索全球喷发记录，以确定管道系统的演化阶段。我们定义了适用于任何火山的火山活动指数，它可以估计系统未来喷发的潜力，这对于长期静止的火山尤其重要。 ▪ 为火山活动提供能量的岩浆管道系统延伸至整个地壳，在深处寿命较长，而在最浅部分则寿命短暂。 ▪ 我们根据地壳中可喷发岩浆的结构、寿命、数量和分布的物理指标，修订和更新了活火山、静止火山和死火山的定义。 ▪ 我们提出了火山活动指数，它提供了火山相对于世界上所有其他火山的活动状态的相对衡量标准。 ▪ 需要新的成像和监测策略来提高我们探测下地壳和中地壳岩浆过程以及预测喷发及其潜在规模的能力。