It has become an inevitable trend of human development to seek resources from the deep underground. However, rock encountered in deep underground engineering is usually in an anisotropic stress state (σ₁>σ>σ₃) due to the influences of geological structures and engineering disturbances. It is therefore essential to study the mechanical, seepage, and dynamic disaster behaviors of deep rock under true triaxial stress to ensure the safe operation of deep rock engineering and the efficient exploitation of deep resources. In recent years, experimental techniques and research on true triaxial rock mechanics have achieved fruitful results that have promoted the rapid development of deep rock mechanics; thus, it is necessary to systematically review and summarize these developments. This work first introduced several typical true triaxial testing apparatus and then reviewed the corresponding research progress on rock deformation, strength, failure mode, brittleness, and energy as well as the 3D volumetric fracturing (dynamic disaster) properties of deep rocks under true triaxial stress. Then, several commonly used true triaxial rock strength criteria and their applicability, the permeability characteristics and mathematical models of deep reservoir rocks, and the disaster-causing processes and mechanisms of disturbed volumetric fracturing (rockburst, compound dynamic disasters) in deep rock engineering were described. This work may provide an essential reference for addressing the true triaxial rock mechanics issues involved in deep rock engineering, especially regarding the stability of surrounding rock at depth, disaster prevention and control, and oil and gas exploitation.

向地下深处寻求资源已成为人类发展的必然趋势。然而，深部地下工程遇到的岩石通常处于各向异性应力状态（σ ₁ > σ > σ ₃) 由于地质构造和工程扰动的影响。因此，研究深部岩石在真三轴应力作用下的力学、渗流和动力灾害行为，对保障深部岩石工程的安全运行和深部资源的高效开发具有重要意义。近年来，真三轴岩石力学实验技术和研究取得丰硕成果，推动了深部岩石力学的快速发展；因此，有必要系统地审查和总结这些发展。本文首先介绍了几种典型的真三轴试验装置，然后回顾了相应的岩石变形、强度、破坏模式、脆性、和能量以及深部岩石在真实三轴应力下的 ​​3D 体积压裂（动态灾难）特性。然后，介绍了几种常用的真三轴岩石强度准则及其适用性、深部储层岩石的渗透率特征和数学模型，以及深部岩石工程中扰动体积压裂（岩爆、复合动力灾害）的成灾过程和机理。 . 该工作可为解决深部岩石工程中涉及的真三轴岩石力学问题，特别是在深部围岩稳定性、灾害防治、油气开采等方面提供重要参考。阐述了深部储层岩石的渗透特性和数学模型，以及深部岩石工程中扰动体积压裂（岩爆、复合动力灾害）的成灾过程和机理。该工作可为解决深部岩石工程中涉及的真三轴岩石力学问题，特别是在深部围岩稳定性、灾害防治、油气开采等方面提供重要参考。阐述了深部储层岩石的渗透特性和数学模型，以及深部岩石工程中扰动体积压裂（岩爆、复合动力灾害）的成灾过程和机理。该工作可为解决深部岩石工程中涉及的真三轴岩石力学问题，特别是在深部围岩稳定性、灾害防治、油气开采等方面提供重要参考。