The long-term uncertainty and persistence of isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic created prolonged emotional distress individually and collectively. As the pandemic progressed, the dynamic ride of emotional experience was expressed live and shared online, particularly on social media. In this study, we collected posted messages on Twitter for a longitudinal investigation to determine how emotional experiences changed over time during the pandemic. In total, we analyzed 41,868,013 COVID-19-related tweets in English posted from January 21 to July 31, 2020. Using a stage model, the results demonstrated that there were three stages during the pandemic characterized by distinct emotional changes. The first stage features high anxiety and negative emotions compared with the other stages, possibly due to the lack of information about the disease. The second stage shows the dynamic ride of all emotions and an increase in negative emotions (particularly anger) as the COVID-19 pandemic proceeds. In the third stage, most emotions are stabilized, except for depression, despite the protracted pandemic.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行期间的社会情感分享

COVID-19 大流行造成的长期不确定性和持续的孤立感造成了个人和集体长期的情绪困扰。随着大流行的发展，情感体验的动态变化在网上得到了表达和分享，尤其是在社交媒体上。在这项研究中，我们收集了 Twitter 上发布的消息，以进行纵向调查，以确定在大流行期间情绪体验如何随时间变化。我们总共分析了 2020 年 1 月 21 日至 7 月 31 日期间发布的 41,868,013 条与 COVID-19 相关的英文推文。使用阶段模型，结果表明，在大流行期间存在三个阶段，其特点是情绪变化明显。与其他阶段相比，第一阶段具有高度焦虑和负面情绪，可能是由于缺乏有关该疾病的信息。第二阶段显示随着 COVID-19 大流行的发展，所有情绪的动态变化和负面情绪（尤其是愤怒）的增加。在第三阶段，尽管大流行长期存在，但除抑郁症外，大多数情绪都趋于稳定。