The formalization of community forest tenure rights is expected to promote sustainable community forest management, and is seen as a way to combine objectives related to environmental conservation, livelihood improvement, and local self-determination. However, the formalization of forest tenure rights by itself, does not automatically result in the intended impacts. There is a need to better understand the conditions under which communities are able to use these rights to achieve positive outcomes across multiple dimensions. We formulated a simple theory of change that underlies the formalization of community forest tenure rights, and used it to assess the outcomes, bottlenecks and enabling conditions of community forest tenure models across the forested tropics. Based on this analysis, we identified ten conditions that need to be in place for community forest tenure rights formalization to achieve the intended impacts. The theory of change and associated conditions form a generic conceptual framework that can be used to inform policy and practice of actors supporting community forest tenure rights, including civil society organizations and government agencies.

社区森林使用权的正式化有望促进可持续的社区森林管理，并被视为将环境保护、改善生计和地方自决相关目标结合起来的一种方式。然而，森林权属权利的正式化本身并不会自动产生预期的影响。有必要更好地了解社区能够利用这些权利在多个方面取得积极成果的条件。我们制定了一个简单的变革理论，该理论是社区林权权利正式化的基础，并用它来评估整个热带森林社区林权模型的成果、瓶颈和有利条件。基于这一分析，我们确定了社区森林使用权正式化以实现预期影响需要具备的十个条件。变化理论和相关条件形成了一个通用的概念框架，可用于为支持社区森林权属权利的行为者（包括民间社会组织和政府机构）的政策和实践提供信息。