In this paper, complex network analysis is used to analyze the structure of a whole river basin. A classification of nodes and edges that allow the river basin to be represented as a directed network is given. Both global and local characterization metrics are presented. Thus, centralization indexes, average path length, diameter, network efficiency, edge length, degree and strength distributions can be computed and interpreted. The closeness and betweenness centrality as well as the PageRank index of the different nodes can also be calculated and provide information on the relative position of each node in the network in terms of their average distance to upstream and downstream nodes, their reachability from other nodes, etc. In addition, a new centrality index based on the environmental impact of a potential spill or contaminant release on each node of the network has been applied. This type of centrality index is particularly useful in hydrologic networks and helps to identify key nodes from a contamination propagation point of view. The application of the proposed approach to the Guadalquivir River basin, in Southern Spain, is presented. Apart from validating the environmental impact centrality index, the most important finding is the scale-free character of the network and its consequences.

本文采用复杂网络分析法来分析整个流域的结构。给出了允许将流域表示为有向网络的节点和边的分类。提出了全局和局部表征指标。因此，可以计算和解释集中指数、平均路径长度、直径、网络效率、边缘长度、度数和强度分布。还可以计算不同节点的紧密度和中介中心性以及 PageRank 指数，并提供网络中每个节点的相对位置信息，包括它们与上游和下游节点的平均距离、它们与其他节点的可达性、等等。此外，应用了基于潜在泄漏或污染物释放对网络每个节点的环境影响的新中心性指数。这种类型的中心指数在水文网络中特别有用，有助于从污染传播的角度识别关键节点。介绍了该方法在西班牙南部瓜达尔基维尔河流域的应用。除了验证环境影响中心性指数外，最重要的发现是网络的无标度特征及其后果。被呈现。除了验证环境影响中心性指数外，最重要的发现是网络的无标度特征及其后果。被呈现。除了验证环境影响中心性指数外，最重要的发现是网络的无标度特征及其后果。