Brown spot disease is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of rice. Biological control of this disease is considered more environmentally safe, but the biological control agents have limited availability. The fungus Trichoderma can be used as a biocontrol agent for various plant diseases, including brown spots. Indigenous Trichoderma species from West Timor were evaluated in this study to reveal their effectiveness in reducing brown spot disease of upland rice. The study was conducted under a screen house condition using a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design. The two factors were the brown spot disease control method (T. viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum, fungicide Trivia 73 WP, and a control treatment) and upland rice genotype (Inpago 7 and Breun Senaren 2). The results showed that Trichoderma spp. and the fungicide Trivia 73 WP caused significantly lower AUDPC and apparent infection rate than the control treatment. The total phenol content and agronomic characters (number of reproductive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, grain yield per plant) were higher in the Trichoderma and fungicide treatments than the control treatment. Meanwhile, tannin and saponin levels were non-significantly different among treatments. Trichoderma and the fungicide Trivia treatments effectively suppressed brown spot disease of upland rice, and the efficacy was dependent on the rice variety, with a mean efficacy range over the two varieties of 27.05–36.42%. The Trichoderma and the fungicide Trivia treatments increased the grain yield per plant differentially in the 2 rice varieties, with a mean grain yield increase over the 2 varieties of 13.0% (T. viride), 23.5% (T. harzianum), 35.0% (T. hamatum), and 19.9% (Trivia 73 WP). Efficacy of local Trichoderma of West Timor and the fungicide Trivia treatments were varietal dependent with T. hamatum being the most effective in reducing the brown spot disease and producing the highest grain yield increase over the 2 rice varieties. The local Trichoderma species of West Timor have a future potential as biocontrol agents of upland rice brown spot disease, but it is necessary to further evaluate their effectiveness against the disease in replicated field trials.

中文翻译：

---

印度尼西亚西帝汶本土木霉分离株作为褐斑病（Drechslera oryzae）生物防治剂对两个旱稻品种的疗效

褐斑病是水稻最具破坏性的叶面病害之一。这种疾病的生物防治被认为对环境更安全，但生物防治剂的可用性有限。真菌木霉可用作各种植物病害的生物防治剂，包括褐斑病。本研究评估了来自西帝汶的本土木霉属物种，以揭示它们在减少旱稻褐斑病方面的有效性。该研究是在屏蔽房条件下使用完全随机设计的因子处理设计进行的。这两个因素是褐斑病防治方法（T. viride、T. harzianum、T. hamatum、杀菌剂 Trivia 73 WP 和对照处理）和旱稻基因型（Inpago 7 和 Breun Senaren 2）。结果表明，木霉属。杀菌剂 Trivia 73 WP 导致的 AUDPC 和表观感染率显着低于对照处理。木霉和杀菌剂处理的总酚含量和农艺性状（每株生殖分蘖数、每穗实粒数、每株籽粒产量）均高于对照处理。同时，单宁和皂苷水平在处理之间没有显着差异。木霉和杀菌剂Trivia处理有效抑制旱稻褐斑病，且疗效取决于水稻品种，两个品种的平均药效范围为27.05-36.42%。木霉属和杀菌剂Trivia处理对2个水稻品种的单株籽粒产量均有不同的提高，平均籽粒产量高于2个品种的13个。0% (T. viride)、23.5% (T. harzianum)、35.0% (T. hamatum) 和 19.9% (Trivia 73 WP)。西帝汶当地木霉和杀菌剂 Trivia 处理的功效取决于品种，其中 T. hamatum 在减少褐斑病方面最有效，并且与 2 个水稻品种相比，产量增加最高。西帝汶当地的木霉属物种具有未来作为旱稻褐斑病生物防治剂的潜力，但有必要在重复的田间试验中进一步评估它们对这种病害的有效性。与两个水稻品种相比，hamatum 在减少褐斑病方面最有效，并且产量最高。西帝汶当地的木霉属物种具有未来作为旱稻褐斑病生物防治剂的潜力，但有必要在重复的田间试验中进一步评估它们对这种病害的有效性。与两个水稻品种相比，hamatum 在减少褐斑病方面最有效，并且产量最高。西帝汶当地的木霉属物种具有未来作为旱稻褐斑病生物防治剂的潜力，但有必要在重复的田间试验中进一步评估它们对这种病害的有效性。