Although prior research has established associations between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and all-cause mortality, there is still limited research investigating (1) the consistency between subjective and objective reports of childhood socioeconomic status, (2) sex differences in the associations between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and all-cause mortality, and (3) potential mediators within these associations. Drawing on data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) cohort (N = 7425), we examined the associations between three distinct indicators of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and all-cause mortality risk, and whether these associations differ for males and females. Among males only, lower perceived relative childhood financial status, lower levels of parents’ education, and receipt of welfare during childhood were associated with excess mortality risk, adjusted for age and minority status, with adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 1.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.51) for perceived childhood financial status to 1.28 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.47) for welfare in childhood. When additionally adjusted for education, substance use, depression, and underlying health conditions, only childhood welfare status maintained an association with mortality (AHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02–1.35). Mediation analyses among males revealed that education, substance use, depression, and underlying health conditions accounted for substantial proportions of these associations, ranging from 31.03 to 57.63%, across indicators of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage. Future research is needed to clarify the developmental mechanisms that lead to sex differences and identify effective strategies to intervene on the relation between childhood socioeconomic position and excess mortality risk among males.

尽管先前的研究已经确定了儿童社会经济劣势与全因死亡率之间的关联，但调查 (1) 儿童社会经济状况的主观和客观报告之间的一致性，(2) 儿童社会经济劣势与全因死亡率之间关联的性别差异的研究仍然有限全因死亡率，以及 (3) 这些关联中的潜在中介。借鉴美国中年人 (MIDUS) 队列的数据 ( N= 7425)，我们检查了儿童社会经济劣势和全因死亡风险的三个不同指标之间的关联，以及这些关联是否因男性和女性而异。仅在男性中，较低的相对儿童财务状况、较低的父母教育水平和童年期间接受的福利与过高的死亡风险相关，根据年龄和少数民族地位进行调整，调整后的风险比为 1.24（95% 置信区间） (CI)：1.02, 1.51) 感知到的儿童财务状况到 1.28 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.47) 儿童福利。当针对教育、物质使用、抑郁和潜在健康状况进行额外调整时，只有儿童福利状况与死亡率保持关联（AHR，1.17；95% CI，1.02–1.35）。对男性的调解分析显示，教育、物质使用、抑郁和潜在的健康状况在这些关联中占很大比例，范围从 31.03% 到 57.63%，涵盖儿童社会经济劣势指标。未来的研究需要阐明导致性别差异的发展机制，并确定干预儿童社会经济地位与男性过度死亡风险之间关系的有效策略。