The growing regional and global interests in legume crops for cover cropping and sustainable agriculture has provided new opportunities for growers to incorporate faba bean (Vicia faba L.) into their production systems. Much of faba bean's potential, especially in the western United States, is rooted in its high N fixation potential compared with other cultivated legumes. However, faba bean production is currently hindered by existing markets, regional agronomic extension guides, and availability of regionally adapted cultivars. This experiment began the effort to bridge one of the three gaps by evaluating 63 regionally and globally derived plant materials for agronomic and N fixation traits in four environments in California's Central Valley. The experiment observed significant (P ≤ .05) genotype × environment interactions for all faba bean N and agronomic except % of N derived from the atmosphere, harvest index, and 100-seed weight. Further, we found opportunities to leverage global germplasm to increase or decrease the 100-seed weight and days to flowering in locally adapted plant materials. Finally, this experiment identified trait-trait-associations that provide both opportunities and challenges to improving screening efficiencies (e.g., link between N yield and 100-seed weight in Chico2019 [r = 0.57; P ≤ .001] and in Fresno2020 [r = 0.51; P ≤ .001]). This work sets a framework for regional faba bean cultivar development work in the western United States.

中文翻译：

---

全球蚕豆种质资源的农艺固氮性状探索

区域和全球对用于覆盖种植和可持续农业的豆类作物日益增长的兴趣为种植者将蚕豆 ( Vicia faba L.) 纳入其生产系统提供了新的机会。与其他栽培豆类相比，蚕豆的大部分潜力，尤其是在美国西部，植根于其高固氮潜力。然而，蚕豆生产目前受到现有市场、区域农艺推广指南和区域适应性栽培品种的可用性的阻碍。该实验通过在加利福尼亚中央山谷的四个环境中评估 63 种区域和全球衍生的植物材料的农艺和固氮特性，开始努力弥合三个差距之一。实验观察到显着（P≤ .05) 所有蚕豆 N 和农艺的基因型 × 环境相互作用，但来自大气、收获指数和 100 粒种子重量的 N 百分比除外。此外，我们发现了利用全球种质来增加或减少 100 粒种子重量和在当地适应的植物材料中开花的天数的机会。最后，该实验确定了为提高筛选效率提供机遇和挑战的性状-性状关联（例如，在 Chico2019 [ r  = 0.57; P ≤ .001] 和 Fresno2020 [ r  = 0.51；P ≤ .001]）。这项工作为美国西部地区蚕豆品种开发工作建立了框架。